C++语言桌面应用开发GTK3 Gtkmm3 Glade
文章目录
- Gikmm 简介
- 安装 Gtkmm
- 安装 GTK
- 安装 Glade
- demo.glade 文件
- 完整示例 demo.cpp
- 编译运行
- GTK 主题
- 推荐主题
Gikmm 简介
Gtkmm 是一个用于创建图形用户界面（GUI）的 C++ 库，它是基于流行的 GTK+ 库的。GTK+ 是一个跨平台的 GUI 工具包，广泛用于 Linux 和其他类 Unix 操作系统上的图形界面开发。Gtkmm 提供了对 GTK+ 库的 C++ 接口，使得开发者可以使用现代 C++ 的特性来构建应用程序。
- Github：https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gtkmm
- Gtkmm 文档：https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/gtkmm/
安装 Gtkmm
brew install glibmm gtkmm3
# 列出库版本
brew list --versions glibmm gtkmm3
- 验证安装
pkg-config --modversion gtkmm-3.0
安装 GTK
注： 版本兼容问题，gtk4 目前暂不支持 Glade 推荐安装 gtk3 版本。
gtk3 对应 gtkmm3 版本
gtk4 对应 gtkmm4 版本
xcode-select --install
brew install pkg-config
# pkgconfig 路径
find / -name pkgconfig
# 是否支持GTK+
brew search gtk
brew install gtk+3
# 验证 gtk+3
pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0
- 配置环境变量
# 检查 pkgconfig 路径
find / -name pkgconfig
# 将以上路径添加到环境变量中（.bash_profile 或 .zshrc）
vim ~/.zshrc
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
source ~/.zshrc
安装 Glade
Glade是一个用于创建GTK图形用户界面的用户界面构建器。它允许开发者通过可视化方式设计和布局GUI元素，而不必手动编写代码。Glade生成XML格式的描述文件，描述了用户界面的结构和属性。然后，这个XML文件可以由程序加载和解释，从而创建用户界面。
-
Glade Github
- https://github.com/GNOME/glade
- https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/glade
-
Glade 教程
- https://developer.gnome.org/
-
安装 Glade
# 目前版本支持gtk+3
brew install glade
glade --version
# 启动glade
glade
- Glade 操作界面
保存后会生成如下 demo.glade 文件
demo.glade 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.40.0 -->
<interface><requires lib="gtk+" version="3.24"/><object class="GtkWindow" id="window"><property name="width-request">400</property><property name="height-request">200</property><property name="can-focus">False</property><property name="title" translatable="yes">demo</property><child><object class="GtkBox" id="box"><property name="visible">True</property><property name="can-focus">False</property><property name="orientation">vertical</property><child><object class="GtkButton" id="button"><property name="label" translatable="yes">button</property><property name="visible">True</property><property name="can-focus">True</property><property name="receives-default">True</property><property name="margin-start">10</property><property name="margin-end">10</property><property name="margin-top">10</property><property name="margin-bottom">10</property></object><packing><property name="expand">False</property><property name="fill">True</property><property name="position">0</property></packing></child><child><object class="GtkComboBoxText" id="combobox"><property name="visible">True</property><property name="can-focus">False</property><property name="margin-start">10</property><property name="margin-end">10</property><property name="margin-top">10</property><property name="margin-bottom">10</property><property name="active">0</property><property name="active-id">1</property><items><item id="1" translatable="yes">item1</item><item id="2" translatable="yes">item2</item><item id="3" translatable="yes">item3</item><item id="4" translatable="yes">item4</item></items></object><packing><property name="expand">False</property><property name="fill">True</property><property name="position">1</property></packing></child><child><object class="GtkEntry" id="entry"><property name="visible">True</property><property name="can-focus">True</property><property name="margin-start">10</property><property name="margin-end">10</property><property name="margin-top">10</property><property name="margin-bottom">10</property></object><packing><property name="expand">False</property><property name="fill">True</property><property name="position">2</property></packing></child></object></child></object>
</interface>
完整示例 demo.cpp
注： gtkmm3 支持 .glade 文件。
#include <gtkmm-3.0/gtkmm/application.h>
#include <gtkmm-3.0/gtkmm/builder.h>
#include <gtkmm-3.0/gtkmm/button.h>
#include <gtkmm-3.0/gtkmm/combobox.h>
#include <gtkmm-3.0/gtkmm/entry.h>
#include <gtkmm-3.0/gtkmm/window.h>#include <iostream>namespace
{class MainWindow : public Gtk::Window{public:MainWindow(BaseObjectType *cobject, const Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Builder> &builder);virtual ~MainWindow();private:Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Builder> m_builder;Gtk::Button *button;Gtk::ComboBox *combobox;Gtk::Entry *entry;protected:void on_button_clicked(const Glib::ustring &id, const Glib::ustring &view);void on_combobox_changed(const Glib::ustring &id, const Glib::ustring &view);void on_entry_changed(const Glib::ustring &id, const Glib::ustring &view);void on_entry_activate(const Glib::ustring &id, const Glib::ustring &view);};MainWindow::MainWindow(BaseObjectType *cobject, const Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Builder> &builder) : Gtk::Window(cobject), m_builder(builder){builder->get_widget("button", button);if (button){button->signal_clicked().connect(sigc::bind(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &MainWindow::on_button_clicked), "button-clicked", ""));}builder->get_widget("combobox", combobox);if (combobox){combobox->signal_changed().connect(sigc::bind(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &MainWindow::on_combobox_changed), "combobox-changed", ""));}builder->get_widget("entry", entry);if (entry){entry->signal_changed().connect(sigc::bind(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &MainWindow::on_entry_changed), "entry-changed", ""));entry->signal_activate().connect(sigc::bind(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &MainWindow::on_entry_activate), "entry-activate", ""));}}void MainWindow::on_button_clicked(const Glib::ustring &id, const Glib::ustring &view){std::cout << id << " Hello World " << view << std::endl;}void MainWindow::on_combobox_changed(const Glib::ustring &id, const Glib::ustring &view){auto activeId = combobox->get_active_id();std::cout << id << " Selected item:" << ", active_id: " << activeId << std::endl;}void MainWindow::on_entry_changed(const Glib::ustring &id, const Glib::ustring &view){auto text = entry->get_buffer()->get_text();std::cout << id << " Entry Changed Text: " << text << std::endl;}void MainWindow::on_entry_activate(const Glib::ustring &id, const Glib::ustring &view){auto text = entry->get_buffer()->get_text();std::cout << id << " Entry Activate Text: " << text << std::endl;}MainWindow::~MainWindow(){}Gtk::Window *do_builder(){Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Builder> builder = Gtk::Builder::create_from_file("demo.glade");MainWindow *main_win = nullptr;builder->get_widget_derived("window", main_win);// 设置窗口居中main_win->set_position(Gtk::WIN_POS_CENTER);// main_win->set_default_size(600, 400);// main_win->set_title("Hello World");// 设置窗口边框宽度// main_win->set_border_width(10);return main_win;}
}int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Application> app = Gtk::Application::create(argc, argv);Gtk::Window *main_win = do_builder();return app->run(*main_win);
}
编译运行
# 编译
g++ -o demo demo.cpp `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtkmm-3.0` -std=c++20
# 执行
./demo
GTK 主题
- https://www.gnome-look.org/browse?cat=135&ord=latest
推荐主题
-
https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1403328
-
https://github.com/vinceliuice/WhiteSur-gtk-theme
-
https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1357889
-
https://github.com/vinceliuice/Orchis-theme
-
https://github.com/vinceliuice/Mojave-gtk-theme
-
https://github.com/paullinuxthemer/Prof-Gnome