Django 5 学习笔记 2024版
1. 官方中文文档
Django 文档 | Django 文档 | Django (djangoproject.com)
2. 第一个应用 博客
总目录
<1>依赖安装:
pip install django<2> 创建 工程 myapp
django-admin startproject myapp
cd myapp<3>创建 应用 app
> python manage.py startapp app <4> 配置模型生成数据库表
配置数据库: myapp/settings.py
对应文件: app/models.py
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate<5> 配置文件\路由\视图
<6> 配置 后台
主要文件: app/admin.py
生成管理员账号:
python manage.py createsuperuser账号:admin
邮箱:admin@qq.com
密码:abc123
<7> 运行服务器
python manage.py runserverpython manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080<8> 美化 后台页面
pip install django-simpleuimyapp/setting.py
INSTALLED_APPS = ['simpleui', # 注意这里'django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles',...
]3. 文件参考例:
app/templates/app/post_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Blog</title>
{% load static %}<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
</head>
<body><h1>博客</h1>{% for post in posts %}<div><h2><a href="{% url 'post_detail' pk=post.pk %}">{{ post.title }}</a></h2><p>{{ post.content|truncatewords:30 }}</p><p>{{post.f_name}} 发布于 </p></div>{% endfor %}<img class="bd-placeholder-img" width="200" height="250" src="{{ post.icon2.url }}" alt="" srcset="">
</body>
</html>app/templates/app/post_detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>{{ post.title }}</title>
</head>
<body><img src="{{ post.image.url}}" alt="" srcset=""><h1>{{ post.title }}</h1><p>{{ post.content }}</p><p>Published: {{ post.created_at }}</p>
</body>
</html>app/admin.py
# from django.contrib import admin# Register your models here.
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post, pru ,Netsite@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('title', 'author','other','created_at', 'updated_at', 'publish_date')class PruAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('title','p_name', 'P_jg','p_sl')
admin.site.register(pru, PruAdmin)admin.site.site_header='BPC管理后台'
admin.site.site_title='BPC管理后台'
admin.site.index_title='BPC管理后台'class NetAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('title', 'content')admin.site.register(Netsite, NetAdmin)
app/models.py
# from django.db import models# Create your models here.
from django.db import modelsclass Post(models.Model):title = models.CharField(max_length=200 , verbose_name="标题" )author = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="作者", default="匿名") # 添加作者字段other = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="另外", default="other") # 添加作者字段content = models.TextField()# f_name = models.CharField("客户姓名", max_length=30)created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)publish_date = models.DateField(null=True)icon = models.FileField(upload_to='blog\static\img', null=True)# icon2 = models.ImageField(upload_to='media/', null=True)icon2 = models.ImageField(default='bank.png', blank=True)class pru(models.Model):title = models.CharField(max_length=200 , verbose_name="标题", default="标题")p_name = models.CharField(max_length=200 , verbose_name="名字")P_jg = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="价格", default="20") # 添加作者字段p_sl = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="数量", default="1") # 添加作者字段content = models.TextField() def __str__(self):return self.titleclass Netsite(models.Model):title = models.CharField(max_length=200 , verbose_name="标题", default="标题")content = models.TextField( verbose_name="内容", default="http://")app/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import viewsurlpatterns = [path('', views.post_index, name='post_index'),path('', views.post_list, name='post_list'),path('post/<int:pk>/', views.post_detail, name='post_detail'),
]app/views.py
# from django.shortcuts import render# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Post, pru , Netsitedef post_index(request):posts = Post.objects.all()Netsites = Netsite.objects.all()return render(request, 'app/index.html', {'posts': posts, 'Netsites': Netsites})def post_list(request):posts = Post.objects.all()return render(request, 'app/post_list.html', {'posts': posts})def pru_list(request):prus = pru.objects.all()return render(request, 'app/post_list.html', {'prus': prus})def post_detail(request, pk):post = Post.objects.get(pk=pk)return render(request, 'app/post_detail.html', {'post': post})myapp/settings.py
# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = ['simpleui', # 管理后台'django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','app',
]MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] # 允许所有主机访问# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/topics/i18n/LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans' # 中文，简体
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' # 中国标准时间# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'# TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'USE_I18N = TrueUSE_TZ = True# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/static-files/STATIC_URL = 'static/'
STATIC_DIR = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]MEDIA_URL = 'media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/settings/#default-auto-fieldDEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'# 隐藏右侧SimpleUI广告链接和使用分析
SIMPLEUI_HOME_INFO = False
SIMPLEUI_ANALYSIS = False
myapp/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import staticurlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path('app/', include('app.urls')),path('', include('app.urls')),
] urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)