俄罗斯方块——C语言实践(Dev-Cpp)
目录
1、创建项目(尽量不使用中文路径)
2、项目复制
3、项目配置
1、调整编译器
2、在配置窗口选择参数标签
3、添加头文件路径和库文件路径
4、代码实现
4.1、main.c
4.2、draw.h
4.3、draw.c
4.4、shape.h
4.5、shape.c
4.6、board.h
4.7、board.c
4.8、control.h
4.9、control.c
这个是在Dev-Cpp里实现的，在别的编译器，可能有些配置不一定能用
1、创建项目(尽量不使用中文路径)
第一次在Dev-Cpp里创建项目，真的难受，所以不得不讲一下
1、新建项目
2、点击Console Application ，C项目，我的名称取为day7_first
3、右击，新建文件夹(在自己平时建项目的文件夹里)，取名为day7_first(一般与项目名相同)
再点击day7_first，打开
保存
2、项目复制
项目复制，我认为有必要讲一下，
可以，保存前一次的代码，然后在前一次的代码上进行改写，方便代码的管理
就是把上一次的.c，.h文件(及项目里要用到的应用程序扩展等，如果有的话)，复制一份到day7_first文件夹里，但要把原来的main.c删掉(关闭，不保存)，防止覆盖之前的main.c，
然后添加这些文件
3、项目配置
用了SDL2里的两个文件，在我的资源有
1、调整编译器
以支持C99标准，方便使用更多语言特性
2、在配置窗口选择参数标签
在链接处，输入三行
这里要注意两点：
减号-后面是小写L，不是数字 1 ，也不是i。
这三个库的顺序不可变。
之后再添加两个链接
-lmingw32
-lsdl2main
-lsdl2
-limm32
-lSDL2_ttf3、添加头文件路径和库文件路径
一共添加这两个
同样的方法，在包含文件目录，添加这个两个
4、将两个应用程序扩展，复制到项目所在的文件夹
4、代码实现
4.1、main.c
#include "draw.h"
#include "shape.h"
#include "board.h"
#include "control.h"///* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */
//
//int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// return 0;
//}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {draw_init();//初始化shape_init();//图形初始化board_init();//板初始化 control_gameloop();//游戏循环draw_free();// 清理资源return 0;
}4.2、draw.h
#ifndef DRAW_H
#define DRAW_H#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <SDL.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <SDL_ttf.h>#if 1
//苹果系统 1改0
#include <SDL_syswm.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <imm.h>
#endif#define WINDOW_W 640
#define WINDOW_H 510#define INTERVAL 30//网格间隔
#define HEIGHT 16//网格高
#define WIDTH 10//网格宽 typedef struct
{SDL_Window* window;SDL_Renderer* renderer;TTF_Font* font;SDL_Texture* background;
}Renderer;bool draw_init();
bool draw_free();void draw_rect(const SDL_Rect* rect,const SDL_Color* color);//绘制矩形
void draw_update();//界面更新
void draw_string(int x,int y,const char* str,SDL_Color* color);//在窗口打印字符串#endif4.3、draw.c
#include "draw.h"
#include "shape.h"
#include "board.h"static Renderer R;//一个存储信息的中间变量， 如果放到main()中，每个函数都要传参#if 1
//苹果系统 1改0
void disableIME(SDL_Window *window) {//防止输入法自己改变SDL_SysWMinfo wmInfo;SDL_VERSION(&wmInfo.version);//初始化 wmInfo结构体的版本信息if (SDL_GetWindowWMInfo(window, &wmInfo)) {HWND hwnd = wmInfo.info.win.window;//禁用 IMEImmAssociateContext(hwnd, NULL);}
}
#endifbool draw_free() { // 清理资源if(R.font) {TTF_CloseFont(R.font);TTF_Quit();}SDL_DestroyRenderer(R.renderer);SDL_DestroyWindow(R.window);SDL_Quit();
}bool draw_init() {// 初始化 SDLif (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) {SDL_Log("SDL could not initialize! SDL_Error: %s\n",SDL_GetError());return false;}
// 创建窗口R.window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL2 Square",SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, WINDOW_W, WINDOW_H,SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);if (!R.window) {SDL_Log("Window could not be created! SDL_Error: %s\n",SDL_GetError());SDL_Quit();return false;}
// 创建渲染器R.renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(R.window, -1,SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC); if (!R.renderer) {SDL_Log("Renderer could not be created! SDL_Error: %s\n",SDL_GetError());SDL_DestroyWindow(R.window);SDL_Quit();return false;}
#if 1disableIME(R.window); //苹果系统 1改0
#endifif(TTF_Init()<0) {printf("Failed to initialize SDL_ttf\n");draw_free();return false;}R.font = TTF_OpenFont("bahnschrift.ttf",24);//添加一种字体，必须是.ttf后缀if(!R.font) {printf("Failde to load font\n",TTF_GetError());TTF_Quit();draw_free();return false;}//Load the background BMP imageSDL_Surface* bgSurface = SDL_LoadBMP("background1.bmp");//添加背景，必须是.bmp后缀if(!bgSurface) {printf("Failed to load background image: %s\n",SDL_GetError());return false;}R.background = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(R.renderer,bgSurface);SDL_FreeSurface(bgSurface);//Free the surface after creating the textureif(!R.background) {printf("Failed to create background texture: %s\n",SDL_GetError());return false;}printf("draw init() success\n");return true;
}void draw_string(int x,int y,const char* str,SDL_Color* color) {SDL_Surface* surface = TTF_RenderText_Solid(R.font,str, *color);if(!surface) {printf("TTF_RenderText_Solid error: %s\n",TTF_GetError());return;}SDL_Texture* texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(R.renderer,surface);if(!texture) {printf("SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface error：%s\n",SDL_GetError());return;}SDL_Rect rect = {x,y,surface->w,surface->h};SDL_FreeSurface(surface);SDL_RenderCopy(R.renderer,texture,NULL,&rect);SDL_DestroyTexture(texture);}//const SDL_Rect rect = {100,100,30,30};// 矩形的位置 x y w宽度 h高度void draw_rect_grid() {//绘制网格SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(R.renderer, 255,255,255,255);//白色for(int i = 0; i<=HEIGHT; i++) {SDL_RenderDrawLine(R.renderer,0,INTERVAL*i,INTERVAL*WIDTH,INTERVAL*i);//(x1,y1,x2,y2)if(i == 0)SDL_RenderDrawLine(R.renderer,0,INTERVAL*i+1,INTERVAL*WIDTH,INTERVAL*i+1);if(i == HEIGHT)SDL_RenderDrawLine(R.renderer,0,INTERVAL*i-1,INTERVAL*WIDTH,INTERVAL*i-1);}for(int i = 0; i<=WIDTH; i++) {SDL_RenderDrawLine(R.renderer,INTERVAL*i,0,INTERVAL*i,INTERVAL*HEIGHT);if(i == 0)SDL_RenderDrawLine(R.renderer,INTERVAL*i+1,0,INTERVAL*i+1,INTERVAL*HEIGHT);if(i == WIDTH)SDL_RenderDrawLine(R.renderer,INTERVAL*i-1,0,INTERVAL*i-1,INTERVAL*HEIGHT);}
}void draw_rect_border(const SDL_Rect* rect) {//绘制矩形边框SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(R.renderer, 255,255,255,255);//白色SDL_RenderDrawRect(R.renderer, rect);
}void draw_rect(const SDL_Rect* rect,const SDL_Color* color) {//绘制矩形SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(R.renderer, color->r, color->g, color->b, color->a);SDL_RenderFillRect(R.renderer, rect);draw_rect_border(rect);
}void draw_update() {//颜色更新
// 用颜色 清空渲染器，覆盖SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(R.renderer, 0, 0, 255, 255);SDL_RenderClear(R.renderer); //背景填充 蓝色SDL_RenderCopy(R.renderer,R.background,NULL,NULL);//背景
//界面的更新数据draw_rect_grid();//绘制网格board_draw();//绘制底部的图形shape_draw();//绘制图形// 呈现渲染结果SDL_RenderPresent(R.renderer);
}4.4、shape.h
#ifndef _SHAPE_H
#define _SHAPE_H
#include <SDL.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>typedef enum{MOVE_DOWN,MOVE_LEFT,MOVE_RIGHT,MOVE_UP
}Movedir;typedef struct {bool matrix[4][4];int x;int y;int size;//打印，旋转矩阵的一种标记SDL_Color color;
}Shape;void shape_init();
void shape_draw();
void shape_move(Movedir dir);
void shape_rotate();//图形旋转 #endif
4.5、shape.c
#include "shape.h"
#include "draw.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "board.h"
#include "control.h"//所有形状的定义
const Shape ALL_SHAPES[7] = {{{{0,1,0,0},{0,1,1,0},{0,0,1,0},{0,0,0,0}},3,0,3,{200,200,200,255}},{{{0,1,0,0},{0,1,1,0},{0,1,0,0},{0,0,0,0}},3,0,3,{180,180,100,255}},{{{0,0,1,0},{0,1,1,0},{0,1,0,0},{0,0,0,0}},3,0,3,{160,180,10,255}},{{{1,1,0,0},{1,1,0,0},{0,0,0,0},{0,0,0,0}},3,0,2,{80,160,100,255}},{{{0,1,0,0},{0,1,0,0},{0,1,1,0},{0,0,0,0}},3,0,3,{100,180,160,255}},{{{0,1,1,0},{0,1,0,0},{0,1,0,0},{0,0,0,0}},3,0,3,{10,160,60,255}},{{{0,0,1,0},{0,0,1,0},{0,0,1,0},{0,0,1,0}},3,0,4,{180,10,160,255}}
};Shape cur_shape;
Shape next_shape;
Shape rotate_shape;
int delay_cnt;void shape_init() {//更新图形后，有回到之前的位置srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));cur_shape = ALL_SHAPES[rand()%7];next_shape = ALL_SHAPES[rand()%7];
}void matrix_rotate(int m) {rotate_shape = cur_shape;for(int i = 0; i<m; i++) {for(int j = 0; j<m; j++) {rotate_shape.matrix[j][m-i-1] = cur_shape.matrix[i][j];}}if(board_check_collision(rotate_shape.x,rotate_shape.y,&rotate_shape))//旋转后越界，就不变return;cur_shape = rotate_shape;
}void shape_rotate() {if(cur_shape.size != 2) {matrix_rotate(cur_shape.size);return;} elsereturn;
}void shape_move(Movedir dir) {switch(dir) {case MOVE_DOWN:if(!board_check_collision(cur_shape.x,cur_shape.y+1,&cur_shape))cur_shape.y++;else {board_place_shape(&(cur_shape));//记录底部的图形board_clear_fulllines();//清空满行cur_shape = next_shape;srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));next_shape = ALL_SHAPES[rand()%7];if(board_check_collision(cur_shape.x,cur_shape.y,&cur_shape)) {control_setstate(STATE_GAME_OVER);updatemaxscore();updatemaxlevel();printf("Game Over!\n");}}break;case MOVE_LEFT:if(!board_check_collision(cur_shape.x-1,cur_shape.y,&cur_shape)) {cur_shape.x--;}break;case MOVE_RIGHT:if(!board_check_collision(cur_shape.x+1,cur_shape.y,&cur_shape)) {cur_shape.x++;}break;case MOVE_UP:shape_rotate();break;}}static void shape_draw_matrix(int x,int y,Shape* shape) {SDL_Rect r = {0,0,30,30};for(int i=0; i<shape->size; i++) {for(int j=0; j<shape->size; j++) {if(shape->matrix[i][j]) {r.x = (x+j+shape->x)*30;r.y = (y+i+shape->y)*30;//显示全draw_rect(&r,&(shape->color));}}}
}void shape_draw() {shape_draw_matrix(0,0,&cur_shape);shape_draw_matrix(10,2,&next_shape);//界面预览if(control_getstate() == STATE_RUNNING) {if(delay_cnt++>30-board_getlevel()*3) {delay_cnt = 0;shape_move(MOVE_DOWN);}}
}4.6、board.h
#ifndef __BOARD_H_
#define __BOARD_H_#include <SDL.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "shape.h"#define BOARD_H 16
#define BOARD_W 10
#define BLOCKSIZE 30//level++,所需要消的行数
#define INCREASE_LEVEL_LINES 2typedef struct
{SDL_Color color;bool active;
}Block;typedef struct
{Block matrix[BOARD_H][BOARD_W];int score;int level;int clearlines; int maxscore;int maxlevel;
}Gameboard;void board_init();
void board_draw();//绘制底部的图形
bool board_check_collision(int newx,int newy,Shape* shape);//检查碰撞
void board_place_shape(Shape* cur_shape);//记录底部的图形
void board_clear_fulllines();
int board_getlevel();
void updatemaxscore();
void updatemaxlevel();#endif4.7、board.c
#include "board.h"
#include "draw.h"static Gameboard gb;int board_getlevel() {return gb.level;
}void getmaxscore() {FILE* fp = fopen("俄罗斯方块最高分.txt","r");if(fp == NULL) {fp = fopen("俄罗斯方块最高分.txt","w");if(fp == NULL) {perror("getmaxscore()::fopen(w)");return;}gb.maxscore = gb.score;fprintf(fp,"%d",gb.maxscore);//初始化max为0fclose(fp);return;}fscanf(fp,"%d",&(gb.maxscore));fclose(fp);
}void updatemaxscore() {FILE* fp = fopen("俄罗斯方块最高分.txt","w");if(fp == NULL) {perror("updatemaxscore()::fopen(w)");return;}if(gb.score>gb.maxscore)gb.maxscore = gb.score;fprintf(fp,"%d",gb.maxscore);fclose(fp);
}void getmaxlevel() {FILE* fp = fopen("俄罗斯方块最高难度.txt","r");if(fp == NULL) {fp = fopen("俄罗斯方块最高难度.txt","w");if(fp == NULL) {perror("getmaxlevel()::fopen(w)");return;}gb.maxlevel = gb.level;fprintf(fp,"%d",gb.maxlevel);//初始化level为1fclose(fp);return;}fscanf(fp,"%d",&(gb.maxlevel));fclose(fp);
}void updatemaxlevel() {FILE* fp = fopen("俄罗斯方块最高难度.txt","w");if(fp == NULL) {perror("updatemaxlevel()::fopen(w)");return;}if(gb.level>gb.maxlevel)gb.maxlevel = gb.level;fprintf(fp,"%d",gb.maxlevel);fclose(fp);
}void board_init() {//板初始化gb.level = 1;gb.clearlines = 0;gb.score = 0;getmaxscore();getmaxlevel();for(int i = 0; i<BOARD_H; i++) {for(int j = 0; j<BOARD_W; j++) {gb.matrix[i][j] = (Block) {{160,160,160,255},false};}}
}void board_draw() {SDL_Rect rect = {0,0,BLOCKSIZE,BLOCKSIZE};for(int i = 0; i<BOARD_H; i++) {for(int j = 0; j<BOARD_W; j++) {if(gb.matrix[i][j].active) {draw_rect(&rect,&(gb.matrix[i][j].color));}rect.x += rect.w;}rect.x = 0;rect.y += rect.h;}char tempstring[32];SDL_Color color = {200,0,0,255};snprintf(tempstring,sizeof(tempstring),"Score: %d",gb.score);draw_string((BOARD_W+4)*BLOCKSIZE,7*BLOCKSIZE,tempstring,&color);color = (SDL_Color) {0,200,0,255};snprintf(tempstring,sizeof(tempstring),"Level: %d",gb.level);draw_string((BOARD_W+4)*BLOCKSIZE,8*BLOCKSIZE,tempstring,&color);color = (SDL_Color) {100,100,200,255};snprintf(tempstring,sizeof(tempstring),"Pause game press p");draw_string((BOARD_W+2)*BLOCKSIZE,10*BLOCKSIZE,tempstring,&color);color = (SDL_Color) {100,100,200,255};snprintf(tempstring,sizeof(tempstring),"Restart game press r");draw_string((BOARD_W+2)*BLOCKSIZE,11*BLOCKSIZE,tempstring,&color);color = (SDL_Color) {200,200,200,255};snprintf(tempstring,sizeof(tempstring),"maxscore:>%d",gb.maxscore);draw_string(0,16*BLOCKSIZE,tempstring,&color);color = (SDL_Color) {200,200,200,255};snprintf(tempstring,sizeof(tempstring),"maxlevel:>%d",gb.maxlevel);draw_string((BOARD_W)*BLOCKSIZE,16*BLOCKSIZE,tempstring,&color);
}bool board_check_collision(int newx,int newy,Shape* shape) { for(int i = 0; i<shape->size; i++) {for(int j = 0; j<shape->size; j++) {if(shape->matrix[i][j]) {int x = newx + j;int y = newy + i;if(x<0||x>=BOARD_W||y>=BOARD_H)//碰边return true;if(y>0&&gb.matrix[y][x].active) //碰到已有图形return true;}}}return false;
}void board_place_shape(Shape* cur_shape) {for(int i = 0; i < cur_shape->size; i++) {for(int j = 0; j < cur_shape->size; j++) {if(cur_shape->matrix[i][j]) {gb.matrix[cur_shape->y+i][cur_shape->x+j].active = true;gb.matrix[cur_shape->y+i][cur_shape->x+j].color = cur_shape->color;}}}
}void board_clear_fulllines() {int lines = 0;for(int y = 0; y < BOARD_H; y++) {bool isfull = true;for(int i = 0; i < BOARD_W; i++) {if(!gb.matrix[y][i].active) {isfull = false;break;}}if(isfull) { //满行lines++;for(int i = y; i > 0; i--) {//满行以上的所有的图形向下移动一行 for(int j = 0; j < BOARD_W; j++) {gb.matrix[i][j] = gb.matrix[i-1][j];}}for(int j = 0; j < BOARD_W; j++) {//清空最顶行 gb.matrix[0][j].active = false;}}}switch(lines) {case 1:gb.score += 1;break;case 2:gb.score += 4;break;case 3:gb.score += 9;break;case 4:gb.score += 16;break;}gb.clearlines += lines;while(gb.clearlines>=INCREASE_LEVEL_LINES) {gb.clearlines -= INCREASE_LEVEL_LINES;gb.level++;}printf("Score: %d\nLevel: %d\nClear: %d\n",gb.score,gb.level,gb.clearlines+INCREASE_LEVEL_LINES*(gb.level-1));
}4.8、control.h
#pragma once #ifndef __CONTROL_H_
#define __CONTROL_H_typedef enum
{STATE_UNKOWN,STATE_RUNNING,STATE_PAUSE,STATE_STOP,STATE_GAME_OVER,STATE_MANUAL
}GameState;void control_gameloop();
GameState control_getstate();
void control_setstate(GameState st);#endif4.9、control.c
#include "control.h"
#include "shape.h"
#include "draw.h"
#include "board.h"static GameState state;GameState control_getstate() {return state;
}void control_setstate(GameState st) {state = st;
}void control_gameloop() {// 主循环标志bool running = true;SDL_Event event;state = STATE_RUNNING;while (running) {
// 处理事件while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) {running = false;}if(event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN) {switch(event.key.keysym.sym) {case SDLK_ESCAPE:case SDLK_q:running = false;break;case SDLK_p://暂停if(state == STATE_RUNNING) {state = STATE_PAUSE;break;}if(state == STATE_PAUSE) {state = STATE_RUNNING;break;}case SDLK_m://自动与手动if(state == STATE_RUNNING) {state = STATE_MANUAL;break;}if(state == STATE_MANUAL) {state = STATE_RUNNING;break;}case SDLK_r:control_setstate(STATE_RUNNING);board_init();//板初始化 shape_init();//图形初始化，图形回到初始位置 break;case SDLK_UP:if(state == STATE_RUNNING||state == STATE_MANUAL)shape_move(MOVE_UP);break;case SDLK_DOWN:if(state == STATE_RUNNING||state == STATE_MANUAL)shape_move(MOVE_DOWN);break;case SDLK_LEFT:if(state == STATE_RUNNING||state == STATE_MANUAL)shape_move(MOVE_LEFT);break;case SDLK_RIGHT:if(state == STATE_RUNNING||state == STATE_MANUAL)shape_move(MOVE_RIGHT);break;}}}draw_update();//颜色更新，覆盖，更新图形颜色SDL_Delay(16);//60Hz}
}