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Nginx-keepalived-高可用

news 2025/4/7 14:53:59

Nginx 高可用通常借助 Keepalived 实现， Keepalived 能通过 VRRP （虚拟路由冗余协议）让多个 Nginx 服务器组成一个热备集群，当主服务器故障时自动切换到备用服务器，保障服务不间断。

一、环境准备

角色	IP 地址
主服务器（Master）	192.168.159.129
备用服务器（Backup）	192.168.159.130
虚拟IP（VIP）	192.168.159.120
Keepalived版本	1.4.5

二、源码安装 Keepalived 服务

2.1 在节点 Mater 上安装 keepalived

# 安装依赖
yum install openssl-devel libnl3-devel ipset-devel -y
yum install libnfnetlink-devel -y# 下载源码
wget https://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.4.5.tar.gz# 解压
tar -zxvf  keepalived-1.4.5.tar.gzcd keepalived-1.4.5./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalivedmake && make install

2.1.1 配置文件配置

# 配置文件 keepalived.conf 配置
mkdir -p /etc/keepalivedvim keepalived.conf# 配置文件内容
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {router_id NGINX_MASTERscript_user rootenable_script_security
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {state MASTERinterface ens33virtual_router_id 51priority 100advert_int 1mcast_src_ip 192.168.159.129authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.159.200}
}

2.1.2 把keepalived 配置成系统命令

创建服务文件

vim /etc/systemd/system/keepalived.service[Unit]
Description=Keepalived High Availability Service
After=network.target[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/keepalived.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived --pid=/var/run/keepalived.pid --config=/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重新加载 Systemd 配置并启动服务

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start keepalived
sudo systemctl enable keepalived

检查服务状态
```
sudo systemctl status keepalived
```

2.2 在节点 Backup 上安装 Keepalived

安装方法与 Master 一致，配置文件 keepalived.conf 需要修给为以下

! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {router_id NGINX_BACKUPscript_user rootenable_script_security
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {state BACKUPinterface ens33virtual_router_id 51priority 90advert_int 1mcast_src_ip 192.168.159.130authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.159.200}
}