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在VScode中配置C_C++环境

news 2024/11/4 23:00:56

众所周知，VScode是一个轻量，简便，功能强大的编辑器，我们可以在里面编写各种各样的代码，但是在C/C++代码编译运行的时候，我们需要对环境进行一些适配，废话不多说，请看下面的详细步骤。

一.下载VScode编辑器

我们找到VScode的官网，找到适合自己电脑的版本（Windows、Mac、Linux）等，下面以Windows来进行示例：

下载地址：Download Visual Studio Code - Mac, Linux, Windows

二.下载MinGW-w64 - for 32 and 64 bit Windows

MinGW-w64 是一个用于在 Windows 操作系统上开发和构建原本为类 Unix 系统设计的软件的工具集。它提供了一个 POSIX（Portable Operating System Interface，可移植操作系统接口）环境，使得 Windows 用户可以使用许多在 Unix 系统上流行的工具和命令，从而增强了 Windows 系统的开发能力。

MinGW-w64 的主要目标是提供一个最小化的、能够运行 GNU 工具链的 Windows 环境。它包括了许多常见的 GNU 工具和库，例如 GCC（GNU Compiler Collection，GNU 编译器集合）、GDB（GNU Debugger，GNU 调试器）等，以及一个 Windows 兼容的 POSIX API 实现。这些工具允许开发者在 Windows 上编写、编译和调试 C/C++ 等编程语言的代码，同时也能运行许多在 Unix 系统上编写的脚本和工具。

下载地址：MinGW-w64 - for 32 and 64 bit Windows download | SourceForge.net

我们下载完成后得到一个.7z的压缩包，我们拷贝一下放在一个全英文的路径下解压（重点），否则后续配置无法成功。

三.配置环境变量

我们先点开mingw64这个文件的bin目录，复制一下，拷贝在用户变量的Path路径中。

此时，我们在桌面打开一个终端，输入g++ --version命令观察环境变量是否配置成功。

如果提示与上图一致，代表环境变量配置成功，若报错，请重新配置。

四.配置VScode基础项

1.汉化插件

第一次进入VScode,我们会发现怎么是全英文编辑器（救命，孩子英语不好），那么这个时候，我们就需要一个汉化插件来帮助我们提高开发效率了，我们先单击左侧的四个矩形标识的图标，这便是管理拓展项的开关，我们搜索Chinese,第一个便就是我们的汉化插件，把它install下来重启VScode即可。

2.C/C++插件

我们要编译运行C/C++文件的话还需要一个C/C++插件，我们在扩展里面直接搜索C/C++即可，同理install下来重启VScode就能使用了。

五.配置.vscode文件环境基础配置项

我们在全英文目录下新建一个文件夹Code,我们使用VScode打开，并在里面配置.vscode文件，若初始化没有生成，则需自己创建。

1.c_cpp_properties.json

**用途**：配置 C/C++ 语言相关的属性和环境设置

{"configurations": [{"name": "Win64","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**"],"defines": ["_DEBUG", "UNICODE", "_UNICODE"],"windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.18362.0","compilerPath": "D:/C++Surroundings/mingw64/bin/g++.exe","cStandard": "c17","cppStandard": "c++17","intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64"}],"version": 4
}

其中：compilerPath路径需找到自己本地的相应路径进行配置

2.launch.json

**用途**：用于配置调试相关的设置。如前面介绍的用于 C/C++ 调试时，指定调试器类型、可执行文件路径、调试模式等。

{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "(gdb) Launch","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${workspaceRoot}","environment": [],"externalConsole": true,"MIMode": "gdb","miDebuggerPath": "D:\\C++Surroundings\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe","preLaunchTask": "g++","setupCommands": [{"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}]}]
}

其中：miDebuggerPath路径需找到自己本地的相应路径进行配置

3.settings.json

**用途** ：用于配置编辑器本身的各种通用设置

{"files.associations": {"*.py": "python","iostream": "cpp","*.tcc": "cpp","string": "cpp","unordered_map": "cpp","vector": "cpp","ostream": "cpp","new": "cpp","typeinfo": "cpp","deque": "cpp","initializer_list": "cpp","iosfwd": "cpp","fstream": "cpp","sstream": "cpp","map": "c","stdio.h": "c","algorithm": "cpp","atomic": "cpp","bit": "cpp","cctype": "cpp","clocale": "cpp","cmath": "cpp","compare": "cpp","concepts": "cpp","cstddef": "cpp","cstdint": "cpp","cstdio": "cpp","cstdlib": "cpp","cstring": "cpp","ctime": "cpp","cwchar": "cpp","exception": "cpp","ios": "cpp","istream": "cpp","iterator": "cpp","limits": "cpp","memory": "cpp","random": "cpp","set": "cpp","stack": "cpp","stdexcept": "cpp","streambuf": "cpp","system_error": "cpp","tuple": "cpp","type_traits": "cpp","utility": "cpp","xfacet": "cpp","xiosbase": "cpp","xlocale": "cpp","xlocinfo": "cpp","xlocnum": "cpp","xmemory": "cpp","xstddef": "cpp","xstring": "cpp","xtr1common": "cpp","xtree": "cpp","xutility": "cpp","stdlib.h": "c","string.h": "c"},"editor.suggest.snippetsPreventQuickSuggestions": false,"aiXcoder.showTrayIcon": true
}

4.tasks.json

**用途**：用于定义各种任务，比如编译任务等。对于 C/C++ 开发，通常用于配置如何使用编译器（如 MinGW-w64 中的 GCC）编译代码。

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "g++","command": "g++","args": ["-g","${file}","-o","${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"],"problemMatcher": {"owner": "cpp","fileLocation": ["relative", "${workspaceRoot}"],"pattern": {"regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$","file": 1,"line": 2,"column": 3,"severity": 4,"message": 5}},"group": "build"},{"type": "cppbuild","label": "C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件","command": "D:/C++Surroundings/mingw64/bin/g++.exe","args": ["-fdiagnostics-color=always","-g","${file}","-o","${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"],"options": {"cwd": "D:/C++Surroundings/mingw64/bin"},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true},"detail": "调试器生成的任务。"}]
}

其中：command，cwd路径需找到自己本地的相应路径进行配置