2-8软件包管理

 8.1 配置仓库

1.配置本地仓库

#进行代码安装前需要先进行仓库配置和挂载
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d    
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim base.repo 
[baseos]
name=baseos
baseurl=/mnt/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
[appstream]
name=appstream
baseurl=/mnt/AppStream
gpgcheck=0

测试：使用dnf/yum命令安装httpd功能

#使用dnf命令安装httpd
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install  httpdComplete!

2.配置网络仓库

#以阿里云为例：
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim base.repo
[baseos]
name=baseos
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/redhat/rhel/rhel-9-beta/baseos/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
[appstream]
name=appstream
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/redhat/rhel/rhel-9-beta/appstream/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0

测试：使用dnf/yum命令安装httpd功能

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install httpdComplete!

3.挂载

#临时挂载
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/sr0
mount: /mnt: /dev/sr0 already mounted on /mnt.
#永久挂载
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sr0 /mnt  iso9660  defaults 0 0

8.2 源码安装

以MySQL安装为例：

1.下载源码

1.在浏览器输入：www.mysql.com

2.点击：DOWNLOADS -下滑点击：MySQL Community Downloads

3.点击：MySQL Community Server

4.完成规定操作，点击Download

5.点击download下载tar包

2.安装源码

1.把下载的tar包装进虚拟机里并进行解压缩操作

#使用rz -E指令将Windows中命令传输到虚拟机中
[root@localhost ~]# rz -E#使用sz命令可以将虚拟机中文件传输到Windows中[root@localhost ~]# sz 文件名#查看文件传输所需软件包(没有的话需要下载)[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep lrzlrzsz-0.12.20-55.el9.x86_64
#解压tar包
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-9.1.0.tar.gz 
#将tar包和解压后的目录存放到新建目录，便于后续操作
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p ./mysql
[root@localhost ~]# mv mysql-9.1.0 mysql-9.1.0.tar.gz  ./mysql

2.进入解压包，查看安装手册

#进入目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd mysql/
#进入解压包
[root@localhost mysql]# cd mysql-9.1.0/
#查看安装手册
[root@localhost mysql-9.1.0]# ll
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415    333 Sep 24 19:37 INSTALL
[root@localhost mysql-9.1.0]# cat INSTALL 
You can find information about how to install from a source distribution athttp://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/source-installation.html

3.在浏览器中输入安装手册网址-多次下滑点击 NEXT>

4.回到虚拟机继续完成安装操作

#创建bld目录
[root@localhost mysql-9.1.0]# mkdir bld
#进入bld目录
[root@localhost mysql-9.1.0]# cd bld
#执行cmake ..命令
[root@localhost bld]# cmake ..
bash: cmake: command not found...
Install package 'cmake' to provide command 'cmake'? [N/y] 

5.安装cmake服务

[root@localhost bld]# dnf -y install cmakeComplete!

6.继续执行cmake命令

[root@localhost bld]# cmake ..
#被告知需要安装需求包
CMake Warning at CMakeLists.txt:398 (MESSAGE):You need to install the required packages:yum install gcc-toolset-13-gcc gcc-toolset-13-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-13-binutils gcc-toolset-13-annobin-annocheck gcc-toolset-13-annobin-plugin-gccCMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:400 (MESSAGE):Or you can set CMAKE_C_COMPILER and CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER explicitly.

7.安装需求包

#先安装C语言编译环境
[root@localhost bld]# dnf install -y make gcc*
#安装需求包
[root@localhost bld]# yum install gcc-toolset-13-gcc gcc-toolset-13-gcc-c++ 
gcc-toolset-13-binutils gcc-toolset-13-annobin-annocheck gcc-toolset-13-
annobin-plugin-gcc

8.继续执行cmake命令

[root@localhost bld]# cmake ..
#错误，请先安装需求包
CMake Error at cmake/ssl.cmake:85 (MESSAGE):Please install the appropriate openssl developer package.

9.安装需求包

#在系统中查找需求包
[root@localhost bld]# dnf list |grep openssl-devel
openssl-devel.i686         1:3.0.7-24.el9          appstream 
openssl-devel.x86_6        1:3.0.7-24.el9          appstream 
#安装需求包
[root@localhost bld]# dnf -y install openssl-develComplete!

10.再次执行cmake命令

#执行cmake命令
[root@localhost bld]# cmake ..
#错误，需要先安装需求包
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:93 (MESSAGE):Curses library not found.  Please install appropriate package,remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is 
libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.

11.安装需求包

[root@localhost bld]# dnf -y install ncurses-devel

12.再次执行cmake命令

#再次执行cmake命令
[root@localhost bld]# cmake ..
#错误，需安装需求包
CMake Warning at cmake/rpc.cmake:41 (MESSAGE):Cannot find RPC development libraries.  You need to install the requiredpackages:RedHat/Fedora/Oracle Linux: yum install libtirpc-devel

13.安装需求包

[root@localhost bld]# yum install libtirpc-devel
#出现错误，在本地仓库找不到需求包
No match for argument: libtirpc-devel
Error: Unable to find a match: libtirpc-devel

14.在网上搜索安装包

#在浏览器输入网址：pkgs.org
#进入网址后输入搜索软件包，并查找对应版本并点击#通过rpm命令查看所需版本[root@localhost bld]# rpm -qa |grep libtirpclibtirpc-1.3.3-2.el9.x86_64

#下滑至Download并复制链接
https://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-2.el9.x86_64.rpm
#回到虚拟机执行wget命令下载链接
[root@localhost bld]# wget https://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/CRB/
x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-2.el9.x86_64.rpm
#查看并安装需求包
[root@localhost bld]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root Jun  7  2023 libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-2.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost bld]# rpm -i libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-2.el9.x86_64.rpm 

15.再次执行cmake命令

#又出错了，缺少需求包
CMake Warning at cmake/rpc.cmake:30 (MESSAGE):Cannot find rpcgen executable.  You need to install the required packages:RedHat/Fedora/Oracle Linux: yum install rpcgen

16.安装需求包

[root@localhost bld]# yum install rpcgen

17.再次执行cmake命令

#最终cmake命令执行完毕
[root@localhost bld]# cmake ..

18.执行make命令和make install命令

#这一步需要耗费极长时间，中途可以按Ctrl+c退出(系统会保存)
[root@localhost bld]# make