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Android 中选择本地文件并获取文件路径

news 2024/11/1 13:03:28

1. 使用Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT（适用于较简单的文件选择场景）

步骤一：在Activity中启动文件选择器

private static final int FILE_SELECT_CODE = 1;private void showFileChooser() {Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);intent.setType("*/*"); // 设置为选择所有类型文件，可根据需要修改，如 "application/pdf" 表示只选择 PDF 文件startActivityForResult(intent, FILE_SELECT_CODE);
}

步骤二：在onActivityResult中获取文件Uri并尝试转换为路径

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);if (requestCode == FILE_SELECT_CODE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {Uri uri = data.getData();String filePath = getPathFromUri(uri);Log.d("File Path", filePath);// 可以在这里对获取到的文件路径进行后续操作，如读取文件内容等}
}

步骤三：实现getPathFromUri方法来处理不同类型的Uri获取路径

public String getPathFromUri(Uri uri) {String path = null;if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);if (cursor!= null) {if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {int index = cursor.getColumnIndex("_data");if (index > -1) {path = cursor.getString(index);}}cursor.close();}} else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {path = uri.getPath();}return path;
}

2. 使用Storage Access Framework（更通用且安全，特别是对于 Android 4.4 及以上版本）

步骤一：启动文件选择器

private static final int REQUEST_CODE_OPEN_DOCUMENT = 1;private void openDocument() {Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT);intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);intent.setType("*/*");startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_OPEN_DOCUMENT);
}

步骤二：在onActivityResult中处理选择结果并获取路径

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_OPEN_DOCUMENT && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {Uri uri = data.getData();String filePath = getPathFromSAFUri(uri);Log.d("File Path", filePath);}
}

步骤三：实现getPathFromSAFUri方法来处理SAF相关的Uri获取路径

public String getPathFromSAFUri(Uri uri) {if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);String[] split = docId.split(":");if ("primary".equals(split[0])) {return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];}} else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));return getDataColumn(this, contentUri, null, null);} else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);String[] split = docId.split(":");String type = split[0];Uri contentUri = null;if ("image".equals(type)) {contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;} else if ("video".equals(type)) {contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;}String selection = "_id=?";String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};return getDataColumn(this, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);}} else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {return getDataColumn(this, uri, null, null);} else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {return uri.getPath();}return null;
}private boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}private boolean isDownloadsDocument(uri) {return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}private boolean isMediaDocument(uri) {return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}public String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {Cursor cursor = null;final String column = "_data";final String[] projection = {column};try {cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);if (cursor!= null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);return cursor.getString(columnIndex);}} finally {if (cursor!= null)cursor.close();}return null;
}