MinIO分片上传超大文件（纯服务端）

一、MinIO快速搭建

这里简单介绍一下通过docker方式快速搭建MinIO的大体流程。

1.1、拉取docker镜像

首先直接尝试拉取：

docker pull minio/minio

如果拉不到，试图更改docker镜像源：

echo '{"registry-mirrors": ["https://4xxwxhl6.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn","https://docker.rainbond.cc","https://docker.nju.edu.cn","https://6kx4zyno.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://mirror.baidubce.com","https://docker.m.daocloud.io","https://dockerproxy.com"]
}' | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json > /dev/null

接着重启docker服务，使新配置生效：

sudo systemctl restart docker

最后再次拉取即可。

1.2、启动docker容器

首先创建配置和数据目录：

mkdir -p /opt/minio/config
mkdir -p /opt/minio/data

接着启动：

docker run -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001 --net=host --name minio -d --restart=always -e "MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=minio" -e "MINIO_SECRET_KEY=minio123" -v /opt/minio/data:/data -v /opt/minio/config:/root/.minio minio/minio server /data --console-address ":9001" -address ":9000"

最后进入MinIO控制台http://192.168.2.195:9001，简单做点存储桶、用户、用户组等配置即可。比如创建新用户名minioUser，密码minioUser123。

二、分片上传大文件到MinIO

2.1、添加依赖

这里需要注意minio 8.3.3必须依赖okhttp的版本不小于4.8.1。

// minio 8.3.3 Must use okhttp >= 4.8.1
implementation 'io.minio:minio:8.3.3'
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.12.0'

2.2、实现MinioClient

参考S3官方文档https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/mpuoverview.html#mpu-process，大文件的分片上传，主要分三步实现：

1. initMultiPartUpload创建一个大文件分片上传任务
2. uploadMultiPart逐个上传分片
3. mergeMultipartUpload合并分片

通过继承默认的MinioClient，将一些相关的重要方法暴露出来，以便使用。

package com.szh.minio;import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
import io.minio.*;
import io.minio.errors.*;
import io.minio.messages.Part;import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;public class CustomMinioClient extends MinioClient {/*** 继承父类*/public CustomMinioClient(MinioClient client) {super(client);}/*** 初始化分片上传即获取uploadId*/public String initMultiPartUpload(String bucket, String region, String object, Multimap<String, String> headers, Multimap<String, String> extraQueryParams) throws IOException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InsufficientDataException, ServerException, InternalException, XmlParserException, InvalidResponseException, ErrorResponseException {CreateMultipartUploadResponse response = this.createMultipartUpload(bucket, region, object, headers, extraQueryParams);return response.result().uploadId();}/*** 上传单个分片*/public UploadPartResponse uploadMultiPart(String bucket, String region, String object, Object data,long length,String uploadId,int partNumber,Multimap<String, String> headers,Multimap<String, String> extraQueryParams) throws IOException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InsufficientDataException, ServerException, InternalException, XmlParserException, InvalidResponseException, ErrorResponseException {return this.uploadPart(bucket, region, object, data, length, uploadId, partNumber, headers, extraQueryParams);}/*** 合并分片*/public ObjectWriteResponse mergeMultipartUpload(String bucketName, String region, String objectName, String uploadId, Part[] parts, Multimap<String, String> extraHeaders, Multimap<String, String> extraQueryParams) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InsufficientDataException, ServerException, InternalException, XmlParserException, InvalidResponseException, ErrorResponseException, ServerException, InvalidKeyException {return this.completeMultipartUpload(bucketName, region, objectName, uploadId, parts, extraHeaders, extraQueryParams);}public void cancelMultipartUpload(String bucketName, String region, String objectName, String uploadId, Multimap<String, String> extraHeaders, Multimap<String, String> extraQueryParams) throws ServerException, InsufficientDataException, ErrorResponseException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException, InvalidKeyException, XmlParserException, InvalidResponseException, InternalException {this.abortMultipartUpload(bucketName, region, objectName, uploadId, extraHeaders, extraQueryParams);}/*** 查询当前上传后的分片信息*/public ListPartsResponse listMultipart(String bucketName, String region, String objectName, Integer maxParts, Integer partNumberMarker, String uploadId, Multimap<String, String> extraHeaders, Multimap<String, String> extraQueryParams) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InsufficientDataException, IOException, InvalidKeyException, ServerException, XmlParserException, ErrorResponseException, InternalException, InvalidResponseException {return this.listParts(bucketName, region, objectName, maxParts, partNumberMarker, uploadId, extraHeaders, extraQueryParams);}
}

2.3、实现分片上传

2.3.0、初始化MinioClient

连接到minio，并确保存储桶的存在。

static CustomMinioClient minioClient = new CustomMinioClient(MinioClient.builder().endpoint("http://192.168.2.195:9000").credentials("minioUser", "minioUser123").build());
// 测试桶
static String bucketName = "test";
static {try {boolean found = minioClient.bucketExists(BucketExistsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());if (!found) {minioClient.makeBucket(MakeBucketArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());}} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}
}

2.3.1、准备分片上传

创建一个大文件分片上传任务。

String contentType = "application/octet-stream";
HashMultimap<String, String> headers = HashMultimap.create();
headers.put("Content-Type", contentType);
String uploadId = minioClient.initMultiPartUpload(bucketName, null, file.getName(), headers, null);
System.out.println("uploadId: " + uploadId);

2.3.2、分片并上传

本文是使用纯服务端进行分片和上传，而实际项目中更推荐由后端首先调用minio的接口getPresignedObjectUrl，逐个生成每个分片的签名后的上传url，然后前端直接以此上传到minio，即可省去后端服务的网络IO开销。

📢 后者方案请见：MinIO分片上传超大文件（非纯服务端）

2.3.2.1、设置分片大小

一方面，需要注意单个分片大小最小5MB，如果每个分片设置小于5MB，则minio或S3底层在合并时报错：code = EntityTooSmall, message = Your proposed upload is smaller than the minimum allowed object size。

另一方面，在调整分片大小时，需要注意minio或S3底层允许的分片范围[1,10000]。

2.3.2.2、分片

一方面，为了保证分片的效率，借助线程池的并发，以及RandomAccessFile的文件随机访问能力，更快地完成分片的流程。当然，可控制并发数和分片大小以防止并发分片中的OOM。

另一方面，考虑到分片全部完成之后，还有最后的合并操作，所以借助CountDownLatch来确保所有分片上传之后，再去执行合并。

2.3.3、分片合并

合并所有已上传的分片。

Part[] parts = new Part[(int) chunkCount];
// 查询上传后的分片数据。S3最大允许10000，且从1开始
ListPartsResponse partResult = minioClient.listMultipart(bucketName, null, file.getName(), 10000, 0, uploadId, null, null);
int partNumber = 1;
for (Part part : partResult.result().partList()) {parts[partNumber - 1] = new Part(partNumber, part.etag());partNumber++;
}
ObjectWriteResponse objectWriteResponse = minioClient.mergeMultipartUpload(bucketName, null, file.getName(), uploadId, parts, null, null);

三、测试

3.1、完整测试代码

package com.szh.minio;import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
import io.minio.*;
import io.minio.messages.Part;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;@Setter
@Getter
public class MinioMain {
static CustomMinioClient minioClient = new CustomMinioClient(MinioClient.builder().endpoint("http://192.168.2.195:9000").credentials("minioUser", "minioUser123").build());// 测试桶static String bucketName = "test";static {try {boolean found = minioClient.bucketExists(BucketExistsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());if (!found) {minioClient.makeBucket(MakeBucketArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());}} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}// 需要被分片上传的大文件static String filePath = "C:\\tmp\\psi_result.csv";static File file = new File(filePath);// 单个分片大小5MB，如果每个分片设置小于5MB，则minio或S3底层在合并时报错：// code = EntityTooSmall, message = Your proposed upload is smaller than the minimum allowed object size.static final long CHUNK_SIZE = 5 * 1024 * 1024;// 当前分片号，minio或S3底层允许的分片范围[1,10000]// https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/mpuoverview.html#mpu-processprivate int chunkIndex;// 用于得知所有分片都传输成功后的时刻，进而进行合并private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch;public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// 第一步：准备分片上传String contentType = "application/octet-stream";HashMultimap<String, String> headers = HashMultimap.create();headers.put("Content-Type", contentType);String uploadId = minioClient.initMultiPartUpload(bucketName, null, file.getName(), headers, null);System.out.println("uploadId: " + uploadId);// 第二步：分片并上传// ps：实际项目中可由后端先getPresignedObjectUrl逐个生成每个分片的签名后的上传url，前端直接以此上传到minio，即可省去后端服务的网络开销long totalLength = file.length();System.out.println("totalLength: " + totalLength + " Byte");// 计算分片数量long chunkCount = (totalLength + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) / CHUNK_SIZE;System.out.println("chunkCount: " + chunkCount);countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch((int) chunkCount);// 5个核心线程并发上传分片ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);for (long i = 0; i < chunkCount; i++) {long position = i * CHUNK_SIZE;int bytesRead = (int) Math.min(CHUNK_SIZE, totalLength - position);MinioMain minioMain = new MinioMain();// S3分片号从1开始minioMain.setChunkIndex((int) i + 1);fixedThreadPool.submit(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {try {// 上传分片minioMain.processChunk(filePath, position, bytesRead, uploadId);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}});}countDownLatch.await();fixedThreadPool.shutdownNow();// 第三步：合并分片System.out.println("ready to merge <" + file.getName() + " - " + uploadId + " - " + bucketName + ">");Part[] parts = new Part[(int) chunkCount];// 查询上传后的分片数据。S3最大允许10000，且从1开始ListPartsResponse partResult = minioClient.listMultipart(bucketName, null, file.getName(), 10000, 0, uploadId, null, null);int partNumber = 1;for (Part part : partResult.result().partList()) {parts[partNumber - 1] = new Part(partNumber, part.etag());partNumber++;}ObjectWriteResponse objectWriteResponse = minioClient.mergeMultipartUpload(bucketName, null, file.getName(), uploadId, parts, null, null);System.out.println("mergeMultipartUpload resp etag: " + objectWriteResponse.etag());StatObjectResponse statObjectResponse = minioClient.statObject(StatObjectArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).object(file.getName()).build());System.out.println("etag: " + statObjectResponse.etag() + " size: " + statObjectResponse.size() + " lastModified: " + statObjectResponse.lastModified());}private void processChunk(String filePath, long position, int bytesRead, String uploadId) {// 可控制并发数和分片大小以防止OOMbyte[] buffer = new byte[bytesRead];RandomAccessFile raf = null;try {int chunkIndex = this.getChunkIndex();raf = new RandomAccessFile(filePath, "r");// 定位到指定位置raf.seek(position);// 读取bytesRead字节长度作为分片raf.readFully(buffer);String contentType = "application/octet-stream";HashMultimap<String, String> headers = HashMultimap.create();headers.put("Content-Type", contentType);UploadPartResponse uploadPartResponse = minioClient.uploadMultiPart(bucketName, null, file.getName(),buffer, bytesRead,uploadId, chunkIndex, headers, null);System.out.println("chunk[" + chunkIndex + "] buffer size: [" + buffer.length + " Byte] upload etag: [" + uploadPartResponse.etag() + "]");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (raf != null) {try {raf.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}countDownLatch.countDown();}}
}

3.2、运行日志和效果

运行日志如下：

uploadId: MzFiMWRmZjctMDg0Yy00YzMyLTk5NTYtMjRkZGZiMDZlYjJhLmUwZmFkNzFiLWEwZTctNDU1Yi04ZWFjLWFhODQyZjBiMmIyOXgxNzI3MzQwMjUzMTA2Njc5MTEz
totalLength: 3576974860 Byte
chunkCount: 683
chunk[1] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [97096e510d1dcda56646608345de08ea]
chunk[3] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [d8102f80f10eb79f600cdf2d378ae8fe]
chunk[4] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [b74f9b8fa2025580b4fc00449c66e271]
chunk[5] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [e77603ee49cc3f7d229f124ecd9a3f38]
chunk[2] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [b148b311ccd2b3fcd4777d56a8758c3d]
chunk[6] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [94abe5a7a2117b612d9805029398cfd9]
chunk[7] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [433b52aed0d1b1486df07a2259932a83]
chunk[8] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [2c242bd205f9b3c4546454fe2d0abef4]
...
chunk[679] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [8492b0573cc74ec55cb6d2a86aee0f69]
chunk[678] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [4aa5c01b4f7aea95952ec62d71ee9996]
chunk[681] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [ac0b739044bfd2644fc8da97fc03a1a9]
chunk[680] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [d95ee210ac774b3ca26e091941c66e20]
chunk[682] buffer size: [5242880 Byte] upload etag: [75e78df64c1fad0839ba8a1583cd93ec]
chunk[683] buffer size: [1330700 Byte] upload etag: [2f30c8d65e23d266c7f10f051854bc6a]
ready to merge <psi_result.csv - MzFiMWRmZjctMDg0Yy00YzMyLTk5NTYtMjRkZGZiMDZlYjJhLmUwZmFkNzFiLWEwZTctNDU1Yi04ZWFjLWFhODQyZjBiMmIyOXgxNzI3MzQwMjUzMTA2Njc5MTEz - test>
mergeMultipartUpload resp etag: "ff6ebd330b3cb224ade84463dd14df82-683"
etag: ff6ebd330b3cb224ade84463dd14df82-683 size: 3576974860 lastModified: 2024-09-26T09:09Z

上传后的控制台：