【Elasticsearch系列九】控制台实战
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博客目录
- 1.索引下所有数据
- 2.带参数搜索
- 3. 设置 timeout
- 4.多索引搜索
- 5.分页搜索
- 6.分页模糊搜索
- 7.query string 基础语法
- 8.\_all metadata 的原理和作用
- 9.query DSL
- 10.组合多个搜索条件
- 11.full-text search 全文检索
- 12.Filter 过滤
- 13.filter 与 query 对比
- 14.默认排序规则
- 15.定制排序规则
- 16.Text 字段排序问题
1.索引下所有数据
无条件搜索所有
GET /book/_search
{"took": 969,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 3,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 1.0,"hits": [{"_index": "book","_type": "_doc","_id": "1","_score": 1.0,"_source": {"name": "Bootstrap开发","description": "Bootstrap是由Twitter推出的一个前台页面开发css框架,是一个非常流行的开发框架,此框架集成了多种页面效果。此开发框架包含了大量的CSS、JS程序代码,可以帮助开发者(尤其是不擅长css页面开发的程序人员)轻松的实现一个css,不受浏览器限制的精美界面css效果。","studymodel": "201002","price": 38.6,"timestamp": "2019-08-25 19:11:35","pic": "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg","tags": ["bootstrap", "dev"]}}}]} }
2.带参数搜索
与 http 请求传参类似
GET /book/_search?q=name:java&sort=price:desc
类比 sql: select * from book where name like ’ %java%’ order by price desc
{"took": 2,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 1,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": null,"hits": [{"_index": "book","_type": "_doc","_id": "2","_score": null,"_source": {"name": "java编程思想","description": "java语言是世界第一编程语言,在软件开发领域使用人数最多。","studymodel": "201001","price": 68.6,"timestamp": "2019-08-25 19:11:35","pic": "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg","tags": ["java", "dev"]},"sort": [68.6]}]} }
3. 设置 timeout
GET /book/_search?timeout=10ms
设置搜索的超时时间,到超时就返回
全局设置:配置文件中设置 search.default_search_timeout:100ms。默认不超时。
4.多索引搜索
multi-index 搜索模式
告诉你如何一次性搜索多个 index 和多个 type 下的数据
#所有索引下的所有数据都搜索出来
/_search#指定一个index,搜索其下所有的数据
/index1/_search#同时搜索两个index下的数据
/index1,index2/_search#按照通配符去匹配多个索引
/index*/_search
5.分页搜索
分页搜索的语法:
select * from book limit 1,5
GET /book/_search?size=10GET /book/_search?size=10&from=0GET /book/_search?size=10&from=20GET /book/_search?from=0&size=3
6.分页模糊搜索
# 分页模糊搜索
POST /db01_v1_20240903-114316/_search
{"from": 0,"size": 10,"query": {"query_string": {"query": "name:*模糊值*","default_field": "name","fuzziness": 1}}
}
7.query string 基础语法
-
GET /book/_search?q=name:java
-
GET /book/_search?q=+name:java
-
GET /book/_search?q=-name:java
说明:
q=field:search content 的语法,就是根据字段进行搜索
+与没有+一样都是必须包含,-是必须不包含
8._all metadata 的原理和作用
不带字段的查询,会存在 all 索引中_,方便查询
GET /book/_search?q=java
直接可以搜索所有的 field,任意一个 field 包含指定的关键字就可以搜索出来。我们在进行中搜索的时候,难道是对 document 中的每一个 field 都进行一次搜索吗?不是的。
es 中_all 元数据。建立索引的时候,插入一条 docunment,es 会将所有的 field 值经行全量分词,把这些分词,放到_all field 中。在搜索的时候,没有指定 field,就在_all 搜索。
9.query DSL
查询全部 GET /book/_search
GET /book/_search
{"query": { "match_all": {} }
}
排序 GET /book/_search?sort=price:desc
GET /book/_search
{"query" : {"match" : {"name" : " java"}},"sort": [{ "price": "desc" }]
}
分页查询 GET /book/_search?size=10&from=0
GET /book/_search
{"query": { "match_all": {} },"from": 0,"size": 1
}
指定返回字段 GET /book/ _search? _source=name,studymodel
GET /book/_search
{"query": { "match_all": {} },"_source": ["name", "studymodel"]
}
通过组合以上各种类型查询,实现复杂查询。
10.组合多个搜索条件
搜索需求:title 必须包含 elasticsearch,content 可以包含 elasticsearch 也可以不包含,author_id 必须不为 111
sql where and or !=
初始数据:
POST /website/_doc/1
{"title": "my hadoop article","content": "hadoop is very bad","author_id": 111
}POST /website/_doc/2
{"title": "my elasticsearch article","content": "es is very bad","author_id": 112
}
POST /website/_doc/3
{"title": "my elasticsearch article","content": "es is very goods","author_id": 111
}
搜索:
GET /website/_doc/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"match": {"title": "elasticsearch"}}],"should": [{"match": {"content": "elasticsearch"}}],"must_not": [{"match": {"author_id": 111}}]}}
}
返回:
{"took": 488,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 1,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 0.47000363,"hits": [{"_index": "website","_type": "_doc","_id": "2","_score": 0.47000363,"_source": {"title": "my elasticsearch article","content": "es is very bad","author_id": 112}}]}
}
简单示例
POST /db01_v1_20240903/_search
{"from": 0,"size": 10,"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"exists": {"field": "object_id"}},{"match_phrase": {"object_id": "預約中醫門診服務"}}]}}
}
更复杂的搜索需求:
select * from test_index where name=‘tom’ or (hired =true and (personality =‘good’ and rude != true ))
GET /test_index/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": { "match":{ "name": "tom" }},"should": [{ "match":{ "hired": true }},{ "bool": {"must":{ "match": { "personality": "good" }},"must_not": { "match": { "rude": true }}}}],"minimum_should_match": 1}}
}
11.full-text search 全文检索
重新创建 book 索引
PUT /book/
{"settings": {"number_of_shards": 1,"number_of_replicas": 0},"mappings": {"properties": {"name":{"type": "text","analyzer": "ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_smart"},"description":{"type": "text","analyzer": "ik_max_word","search_analyzer": "ik_smart"},"studymodel":{"type": "keyword"},"price":{"type": "double"},"timestamp": {"type": "date","format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"},"pic":{"type":"text","index":false}}}
}
插入数据
PUT /book/_doc/1
{
"name": "Bootstrap开发",
"description": "Bootstrap是由Twitter推出的一个前台页面开发css框架,是一个非常流行的开发框架,此框架集成了多种页面效果。此开发框架包含了大量的CSS、JS程序代码,可以帮助开发者(尤其是不擅长css页面开发的程序人员)轻松的实现一个css,不受浏览器限制的精美界面css效果。",
"studymodel": "201002",
"price":38.6,
"timestamp":"2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic":"group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags": [ "bootstrap", "dev"]
}PUT /book/_doc/2
{
"name": "java编程思想",
"description": "java语言是世界第一编程语言,在软件开发领域使用人数最多。",
"studymodel": "201001",
"price":68.6,
"timestamp":"2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic":"group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags": [ "java", "dev"]
}PUT /book/_doc/3
{
"name": "spring开发基础",
"description": "spring 在java领域非常流行,java程序员都在用。",
"studymodel": "201001",
"price":88.6,
"timestamp":"2019-08-24 19:11:35",
"pic":"group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags": [ "spring", "java"]
}
搜索
GET /book/_search
{"query" : {"match" : {"description" : "java程序员"}}
}
12.Filter 过滤
需求:用户查询 description 中有"java 程序员",并且价格大于 80 小于 90 的数据。
GET /book/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"match": {"description": "java程序员"}},{"range": {"price": {"gte": 80,"lte": 90}}}]}}
}
使用 filter:
GET /book/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"match": {"description": "java程序员"}}],"filter": {"range": {"price": {"gte": 80,"lte": 90}}}}}
}
13.filter 与 query 对比
filter,仅仅只是按照搜索条件过滤出需要的数据而已,不计算任何相关度分数,对相关度没有任何影响。
query,会去计算每个 document 相对于搜索条件的相关度,并按照相关度进行排序。
应用场景:
一般来说,如果你是在进行搜索,需要将最匹配搜索条件的数据先返回,那么用 query 如果你只是要根据一些条件筛选出一部分数据,不关注其排序,那么用 filter
性能比较:
-
filter,不需要计算相关度分数,不需要按照相关度分数进行排序,同时还有内置的自动 cache 最常使用 filter 的数据
-
query,相反,要计算相关度分数,按照分数进行排序,而且无法 cache 结果
14.默认排序规则
默认情况下,是按照_score 降序排序的
然而,某些情况下,可能没有有用的_score,比如说 filter
GET book/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"match": {"description": "java程序员"}}]}}
}
当然,也可以是 constant_score
15.定制排序规则
相当于 sql 中 order by ?sort=sprice:desc
GET /book/_search
{"query": {"constant_score": {"filter" : {"term" : {"studymodel" : "201001"}}}},"sort": [{"price": {"order": "asc"}}]
}
16.Text 字段排序问题
如果对一个 text field 进行排序,结果往往不准确,因为分词后是多个单词,再排序就不是我们想要的结果了。
通常解决方案是,将一个 text field 建立两次索引,一个分词,用来进行搜索;一个不分词,用来进行排序。
PUT /website
{"mappings": {"properties": {"title": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword"}}},"content": {"type": "text"},"post_date": {"type": "date"},"author_id": {"type": "long"}}}
}
插入数据
PUT /website/_doc/1
{"title": "first article","content": "this is my second article","post_date": "2019-01-01","author_id": 110
}PUT /website/_doc/2
{"title": "second article","content": "this is my second article","post_date": "2019-01-01","author_id": 110
}PUT /website/_doc/3
{"title": "third article","content": "this is my third article","post_date": "2019-01-02","author_id": 110
}
搜索
GET /website/_search
{"query": {"match_all": {}},"sort": [{"title.keyword": {"order": "desc"}}]
}
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