论文概览 |《Journal of Transport Geography》2024.10 Vol.120
本次给大家整理的是《Journal of Transport Geography》杂志2024年9月第120卷的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括17篇SCI论文！
论文1
Modelling scenarios in planning for future employment growth in Stockholm
斯德哥尔摩未来就业增长规划情景建模
【摘要】
The City of Stockholm is conducting a scenario planning exercise to explore where potential future office development should be planned: closer to the city centre as in the status quo, in peripheral hubs on the outskirts of the city, or dispersed throughout multiple neighbourhoods. To support this exercise, this paper models these three scenarios using a nested work location and dynamic activity-based scheduling model. Our model predicts that high-income individuals have the highest consumer welfare benefits and are over-represented as workers in all scenarios. Developing more central office space will likely reinforce existing geographical patterns of income inequality in Stockholm; developing peripheral or dispersed office space, especially in the south of the city, will challenge these patterns. However, the model also illustrates a tension between the goals of equity and the environment. By taking advantage of existing transit infrastructure and congestion patterns, more central office development will result in lower vehicle kilometers travelled and lower car mode share for commuting than more peripheral or dispersed development.
【摘要翻译】
斯德哥尔摩市正在进行一项情景规划练习，以探讨未来的办公发展应规划在哪里：是否应继续靠近市中心（现状模式），在城市外围的枢纽，还是分散于多个社区内。为支持这一练习，本文使用嵌套的工作地点和动态活动调度模型对这三种情景进行了建模。模型预测显示，高收入人群在所有情景中都占有较大的消费者福利优势，并且作为员工的比例也偏高。若在市中心开发更多办公空间，可能会加剧斯德哥尔摩现有的收入不平等的地理格局；而若在城市南部的外围或分散式开发办公空间，则有可能挑战这些格局。然而，模型也揭示了公平性目标与环境目标之间的矛盾。利用现有的公共交通基础设施和交通拥堵模式，在市中心开发办公空间将比在外围或分散区域开发带来更少的车辆行驶里程和更低的通勤汽车使用率。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103966
【作者信息】
Stephen McCarthy, 瑞典KTH皇家技术学院交通与系统分析
Fatemeh Naqavi, 瑞典KTH皇家技术学院交通与系统分析
Daniel Jonsson, 瑞典KTH皇家技术学院交通与系统分析
Anders Karlström, 瑞典KTH皇家技术学院交通与系统分析
Muriel Beser Hugosson，瑞典斯科夫德大学
论文2
Resilience of ride-hailing services in response to air pollution and its association with built-environment and socioeconomic characteristics
叫车服务对空气污染的应对韧性及其与建成环境和社会经济特征的关联
【摘要】
Air pollution, an unexpected event, poses a significant threat to public health and affects human mobility. Ride-hailing provides an effective way to understand how human mobility adapts to air pollution. This study examines a week-long ride-hailing demand dataset from Chengdu, China, to evaluate the resilience of ride-hailing services (or ride-hailing resilience) in the face of poor air quality. A gradient boosting decision tree model is developed to explore the non-linear and interaction effects of air pollution, the built environment, and socioeconomic characteristics on ride-hailing demand and resilience. The results show that the relative importance and impact of independent factors on ride-hailing demand and resilience vary. Specifically, the density of residence facilities and air pollution are the most important predictors of ride-hailing demand and resilience, respectively. The non-linear and interaction effects of air pollution and selected built-environment and socioeconomic characteristics on ride-hailing resilience are presented. We recommend that urban planners and policymakers address the vulnerability of regions to air pollution, optimize the allocation of ride-hailing resources, and develop strategies to improve regional resilience.
【摘要翻译】
空气污染作为一种突发事件，对公共健康构成了重大威胁，并影响了人类的出行方式。网约车服务提供了一个有效的途径来理解人类出行如何适应空气污染。本研究利用来自中国成都为期一周的网约车需求数据，评估网约车服务在空气质量恶劣条件下的韧性（即网约车韧性）。研究开发了一种梯度提升决策树模型，探讨空气污染、建成环境以及社会经济特征对网约车需求和韧性的非线性及交互效应。结果显示，不同独立因素对网约车需求和韧性的相对重要性和影响各不相同。具体而言，居住设施密度和空气污染分别是网约车需求和韧性的最重要预测因素。研究还展示了空气污染以及选定的建成环境和社会经济特征对网约车韧性的非线性和交互效应。我们建议城市规划者和政策制定者关注各地区对空气污染的脆弱性，优化网约车资源的配置，并制定提高区域韧性的策略。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103971
【作者信息】
Yisheng Peng, 城乡规划系，建筑学院，西南交通大学，中国成都
Jiahui Liu, 地理系，香港大学，中国香港
Fangyou Li, 建筑系，地理与规划学院，成都理工大学，中国成都
Jianqiang Cui, 工程与建成环境学院，格里菲斯大学，澳大利亚布里斯班
Yi Lu, 建筑与土木工程系，香港城市大学，中国香港
Linchuan Yang，城乡规划系，建筑学院，西南交通大学，中国成都
论文3
The public transport disadvantaged in a highly transit-oriented city: An analytical framework, key challenges and opportunities
在高度公共交通导向城市中，公共交通弱势群体的现状：分析框架、主要挑战和机遇
【摘要】
This paper proposes a holistic framework to identify public transport disadvantaged areas in terms of the level of services (LOS), area-based accessibility, and facility-based accessibility by employing the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) dataset. The framework considers the spatial and temporal levels of transit services, the spatial separation by urban functional areas, the availability of facilities based on the cumulative opportunity method, and the minimum time cost based on dual accessibility. A case study is performed in Hong Kong. The results show that the main problem for rural residents using public transport services lies in walking to transit stops/piers instead of long waits at public transport stops or infrequent services. The map of area-based accessibility shows great variations by urban functional areas. Despite being a highly transit-dependent city, we find huge disparities of accessibility to public facilities within Hong Kong and people living in some rural areas have difficulties in accessing basic services such as education, health care and shopping through public transport. Theoretically, this study reinforces the significance of place-based transport disadvantage and its intricate relationship with urban form. Empirically, it provides practical recommendations for public transport planning. The findings can direct transit agencies to re-plan and deploy services such as introducing demand-responsive transit services to better address the needs of people living in transport disadvantaged areas.
【摘要翻译】
本文提出了一个全面的框架，利用通用公共交通规范（GTFS）数据集，识别在服务水平（LOS）、基于区域的可达性和基于设施的可达性方面处于公共交通劣势的区域。该框架考虑了交通服务的时空层次、城市功能区的空间隔离、基于累积机会法的设施可用性，以及基于双重可达性的最小时间成本。香港的案例研究表明，农村居民在使用公共交通服务时的主要问题在于步行至公交站/码头，而不是长时间等待或服务频率低。基于区域的可达性地图显示，城市功能区之间的差异很大。尽管香港是一个高度依赖公共交通的城市，我们发现公共设施可达性存在巨大差异，一些农村地区的居民难以通过公共交通获得基本服务，如教育、医疗和购物。理论上，本研究强调了基于地点的交通劣势及其与城市形态的复杂关系。实证上，它为公共交通规划提供了实际建议。研究结果可以指导交通部门重新规划和部署服务，如引入需求响应式交通服务，更好地满足处于交通劣势地区居民的需求。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103983
【作者信息】
Hui Wang, 香港大学地理系，中国香港
Becky P.Y. Loo，香港大学地理系，中国香港；江西师范大学地理与环境学院，中国南昌
论文4
Income moderates the nonlinear influence of built environment attributes on travel-related carbon emissions
收入调节建成环境属性对与旅行相关的碳排放的非线性影响
【摘要】
Policymakers have adopted built environment policies to modify people's travel behavior and the related emissions. However, few studies have examined the interactive impact between income level and built environment attributes on travel-related carbon emissions (TCE), and only several studies consider their nonlinear relationships. With data from the Twin Cities, US, this study estimated the nonlinear effects of built environment attributes and demographics on TCE. It further examined the interactive impacts between household income and built environment attributes. The findings highlight that demographics exert a greater influence on TCE than the built environment. Employment status, job accessibility, and gender are the most important predictors. Besides individual nonlinear relationships, household income and built environment attributes have salient interactive impacts on TCE. The results suggest that providing environment friendly and affordable transportation choices to low-income population, switching to clean energy vehicles, and offering more matched job opportunities to low-income population near their residence are promising to create a sustainable transportation system.
【摘要翻译】
政策制定者已经采用建成环境政策来改变人们的出行行为以及相关的排放。然而，只有少数研究探讨了收入水平与建成环境属性之间对出行相关碳排放（TCE）的交互影响，且仅有少数研究考虑了它们之间的非线性关系。基于美国双子城的数据，本研究估算了建成环境属性和人口统计特征对TCE的非线性影响，并进一步考察了家庭收入与建成环境属性之间的交互影响。研究结果表明，人口统计特征对TCE的影响大于建成环境，就业状态、工作可达性和性别是最重要的预测因素。除了各自的非线性关系外，家庭收入和建成环境属性对TCE具有显著的交互影响。结果建议，为低收入群体提供环保且经济实惠的交通选择，推广清洁能源车辆，并在其居住地附近提供更多与其匹配的工作机会，有望建立可持续的交通系统。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103985
【作者信息】
Tao Tao, 美国明尼苏达大学亨弗瑞公共事务学院
Haotian Zhong，上海城市设计与城市科学重点实验室（LOUD），纽约大学上海分校，中国；中国人民大学公共管理学院，中国
论文5
Factors influencing bus-to-subway transfer duration at subway stations: Evidence from large-scale smart card data in Seoul
影响地铁站公交换乘时长的因素：来自首尔大规模智能卡数据的证据
【摘要】
In numerous contemporary megacities and their peripheries, subways play an indispensable role within the public transportation system. These cities have established transit networks that revolve around each subway station by means of bus connections. To ensure the subway system's effectiveness, it is imperative for passengers to transfer seamlessly from buses without significant delays. This study utilized large-scale data collected from smart card tags, as well as other infrastructural statistics both within and in proximity to subway stations. We employed accelerated failure time-based multilevel duration modeling techniques to quantitatively examine the correlation between the built environment and transfer duration. Our analysis revealed that proximity to bus stations and access to a greater number of connectable bus routes were associated with reduced transfer durations, underscoring the significance of frequent and well-connected intermodal hubs around subway stations to facilitate rapid transfers. Furthermore, subway stations constructed underground tended to increase transfer durations due to the extended vertical and horizontal distances from adjacent bus stops. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between roadway density and transfer duration, suggesting pedestrian congestion stemming from significant bus disembarkation on wider roads or delays on densely populated but narrow roadways. These findings offer valuable insights for the design and construction of subway stations, with the goal of providing swift access for passengers transferring from buses. This study contributes to the overall enhancement of the efficiency and serviceability of metropolitan transit systems.
【摘要翻译】
在许多当代的大型城市及其周边地区，地铁在公共交通系统中起着不可或缺的作用。这些城市通过巴士连接，建立了以每个地铁站为中心的交通网络。为了确保地铁系统的高效运行，乘客需要在没有显著延误的情况下顺畅地从巴士换乘地铁。本研究利用了从智能卡标签中收集的大规模数据，以及地铁站内外的其他基础设施统计数据。我们采用基于加速失效时间的多层持续时间建模技术，定量分析了建成环境与换乘时间之间的关联。分析结果显示，靠近巴士站以及可连接更多巴士线路的地铁站与较短的换乘时间相关，突显了在地铁站周围建设频繁且良好连接的多式联运枢纽对快速换乘的重要性。此外，地下建造的地铁站由于与附近巴士站存在较长的垂直和水平距离，往往增加了换乘时间。此外，研究还发现道路密度与换乘时间呈正相关关系，这表明宽道路上大量巴士下客造成的行人拥堵或人口密集但道路狭窄导致的延误会增加换乘时间。这些发现为地铁站的设计和建设提供了宝贵的见解，旨在为巴士换乘乘客提供快捷的出行体验。本研究为提升大都市交通系统的效率和服务能力作出了贡献。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103969
【作者信息】
Jaehwan Kim, 韩国人类居住研究院国家基础设施与空间信息研究部，地址：韩国世宗市国策研究院路5号，邮编：30147
Kitae Jang, 韩国科学技术院（KAIST）流动性研究生院，地址：韩国大田市儒城区文智路193号，邮编：34051
Jisup Shim，韩国韩南大学智能跨学科工程学院大数据应用系，地址：韩国大田市韩南路70号，邮编：34430
论文6
The impact of accessibility changes on local development: A spatial approach
可达性变化对地方发展的影响：一种空间方法
【摘要】
Throughout the years, the European Commission has allocated significant financial resources to road infrastructure construction, based on the belief that it would boost, socioeconomic development. However, literature evidence shows it is not consensual whether those investment policies will yield the expected outcomes. The main goal of this work is to shed light on where, and to what extent, accessibility changes due to road infrastructure construction might contribute to boost socioeconomic development at the municipal scale and regional cohesion, resorting to a case study consisting of the municipalities located in the Center Region of Portugal. The analysis uses spatial statistical methods and considers both space and time-lagged variables simultaneously, while controlling for endogeneity, spatial autocorrelation and demographic variables. Results show that accessibility changes induced by 20 years of road infrastructure construction had, in general, a positive impact on the development of the Center Region municipalities. However, depending on how accessibility is defined, negative impacts were also reported, as well as impacts that depend on geographic location. It is suggested that these latter impacts might be related to population migration within the Center Region. Concerning cohesion, no significant impacts of accessibility changes were found.
【摘要翻译】
多年来，欧洲委员会在道路基础设施建设上投入了大量资金，基于其能够促进社会经济发展的信念。然而，文献证据表明，关于这些投资政策是否会产生预期效果尚无共识。本研究的主要目标是阐明在地方和区域层面上，道路基础设施建设引起的可达性变化在多大程度上可能有助于促进社会经济发展和区域凝聚力，以葡萄牙中部地区的市政当局为案例研究对象。分析使用空间统计方法，同时考虑空间和时间滞后变量，同时控制内生性、空间自相关和人口统计变量。结果显示，经过20年的道路基础设施建设后，所引起的可达性变化总体上对中部地区市政当局的发展产生了积极影响。然而，根据可达性的定义，亦发现了一些负面影响，以及取决于地理位置的影响。研究建议，这些后者影响可能与中部地区的人口迁移有关。关于区域凝聚力，未发现可达性变化的显著影响。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103975
【作者信息】
Susana Freiria, 葡萄牙科英布拉大学土木工程系CITTA
Nuno Sousa，葡萄牙里斯本开放大学科学与技术系；科英布拉系统工程与计算机研究所（INESCC）
论文7
A new conception of port governance under climate change
气候变化下港口治理的新概念
【摘要】
The port governance literature has charted the trend towards devolution of port services to the private sector, also showing how the increasing influence of external private actors such as shipping lines and global terminal operators affects decisions on expansion and service provision, producing a more multifaceted and polycentric kind of port governance. In this paper we extend these notions to cover both mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. A growing body of literature on green ports discusses the various actions that can be taken to limit emissions in the port area, while another body of literature is growing on climate change adaptation measures, including the uncertain risks and rewards. Both mitigation and adaptation actions are partly linked to the commercial decisions of port actors but also partly driven by external actors (e.g. society, government, regulators). The analysis produces an updated conceptualisation of port governance under climate change, based on four stakeholder groups (public policy, commercial actors, indirect actors and international shipping governance) and produces three key conclusions. First, concession contracts and commercial relationships will need to change, with a more integrated vision and approach to sharing future (sometimes undefined or uncosted) costs and benefits between the port authority and commercial partners. Second, diversification of the port business model will see a larger focus on energy production and provision, requiring the more explicit inclusion of external stakeholders, particularly energy companies, in port governance. Third, port governance will see a return to prominence of the public dimension, both in terms of national decarbonisation plans and particularly regarding adaptation to an uncertain and turbulent future. As ports are both commercial activities and national infrastructure, these different identities will need to be united in a joint vision.
【摘要翻译】
港口治理文献描绘了将港口服务权力下放给私营部门的趋势，同时展示了外部私营参与者（如航运公司和全球码头运营商）的影响如何影响扩张和服务提供的决策，从而产生更复杂和多中心的港口治理模式。本文将这些概念扩展到应对气候变化的减缓和适应两个方面。越来越多的关于绿色港口的文献讨论了可以采取的各种措施，以限制港口区域的排放，而另一个关于气候变化适应措施的文献也在不断增加，包括不确定的风险和收益。减缓和适应行动部分与港口参与者的商业决策相关，但也部分受到外部参与者（例如社会、政府、监管机构）的驱动。分析基于四个利益相关者群体（公共政策、商业参与者、间接参与者和国际航运治理）对气候变化下的港口治理进行了更新的概念化，并得出了三个主要结论。首先，特许合同和商业关系需要改变，港口管理局与商业伙伴之间在未来（有时未定义或未计算成本的）成本和收益的共享方面需要更为综合的愿景和方法。其次，港口商业模式的多样化将使其更注重能源的生产和提供，需要更明确地将外部利益相关者，特别是能源公司纳入港口治理。第三，港口治理将重新强调公共维度，无论是在国家脱碳计划方面，还是在应对不确定和动荡未来的适应方面。由于港口既是商业活动，也是国家基础设施，这些不同的身份需要在共同愿景中团结起来。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103988
【作者信息】
Jason Monios, 法国马赛凯奇商学院
Gordon Wilmsmeier, 德国汉堡库赫物流大学全球航运与物流中心（CSGL）；哥伦比亚波哥大的安第斯大学管理学院；德国不来梅应用科学大学
Gustavo Andrés Martínez Tello, 哥伦比亚波哥大的安第斯大学管理学院；澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰大学可持续基础设施研究中心（SIRH）
Lara Pomaska，德国汉堡库赫物流大学全球航运与物流中心（CSGL）
论文8
An institutionalist approach to transit station district planning based on two qualitative case studies in Switzerland
基于瑞士两个定性案例研究的交通站区规划的制度主义方法
【摘要】
To harness station districts’ potential for transit-oriented development, planners collaborate across different sectors and multiple scales. While research has clarified this potential and the challenges involved, studies on the required planning practices are rare. This article adopts an institutionalist approach to address this gap. It investigates how planning processes for transit station districts interact with institutionalized planning practices and which signals for incremental institutional change can be identified. Based on two qualitative Swiss case studies, the findings show that station district planning remains a strategic aim of relevant actors without translating into concrete redevelopments of their existing practices.
【摘要翻译】
为了发挥车站区域在以交通为导向的发展中的潜力，规划者需要在不同部门和多个层面进行合作。尽管研究已明确了这种潜力及其面临的挑战，但关于所需规划实践的研究仍然较为稀缺。本文采用制度主义的方法来填补这一空白。它探讨了交通站区的规划过程如何与制度化的规划实践相互作用，以及可以识别哪些逐步制度变革的信号。基于两个瑞士的定性案例研究，研究结果表明，车站区域规划仍然是相关参与者的战略目标，但并未转化为对现有实践的具体改造。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103948
【作者信息】
Stefan Markus Müller，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院（ETH Zurich）环境系统科学系TdLab，地址：Universitätstrasse 16, CHN K 76.1, 8092 Zurich
论文9
Which street characteristics support cycling for transport among vulnerable groups in traffic: A think-aloud study in virtual reality
哪些街道特征支持交通中弱势群体骑行：虚拟现实中的思考研究
【摘要】
Although several health benefits are associated with cycling, this mode of active transport remains underrepresented. Studies have shown that individuals' preferred mode of transport is influenced by the environment in which they travel. While macro-environmental factors shape active transport, micro-environmental aspects offer adaptable solutions. In this paper, we used novel and promising Virtual Reality (VR) technology to investigate which street characteristics regarding safety and attractiveness are important for promoting cycling for transport in three vulnerable groups in traffic, i.e., adolescents, adults with a low SES, and older adults. Participants cycled through two virtual streets based on existing streets in Ghent, Belgium. The think-aloud method was used to collect qualitative data during cycling and afterward participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire about the VR experience, self-reported cycling behavior, and sociodemographic factors. Transcribed files were analyzed using content analysis, revealing 14 crucial street characteristics. Separate cycling paths, clear markings and traffic signs, even surfaces, calm streets, spacious layouts, and aesthetically pleasing environments were found to be important by all target groups. Adolescents and older adults emphasized slower traffic, visibility, wider cycle paths, high curbs, and sudden unexpected actions. Secure bicycle parking was crucial for adolescents, while older adults valued green environments and had mixed opinions on traffic-calming structures. This study underscores the significance of micro-scale street features in promoting active transport among vulnerable groups. Additionally, it demonstrates the potential of VR for inclusive urban design and citizen-based science.
【摘要翻译】
尽管骑行与多种健康益处相关，但这种积极交通方式仍然被低估。研究表明，个体的首选交通方式受到其旅行环境的影响。宏观环境因素塑造了积极的交通方式，而微观环境因素则提供了可适应的解决方案。在本研究中，我们利用新颖且有前景的虚拟现实（VR）技术，调查了哪些街道特征在安全性和吸引力方面对促进三类交通脆弱群体（即青少年、低社会经济地位成年人和老年人）的骑行运输重要。参与者在基于比利时根特市现有街道的两个虚拟街道上骑行。我们使用“思维大声”方法在骑行过程中收集定性数据，随后要求参与者填写关于VR体验、自我报告的骑行行为和社会人口因素的问卷。转录文件通过内容分析进行分析，揭示了14个关键的街道特征。所有目标群体均认为，独立的骑行道、清晰的标记和交通标志、平坦的路面、宁静的街道、宽敞的布局以及美观的环境都很重要。青少年和老年人强调了慢行交通、可见性、更宽的骑行道、高人行道和突发意外行为。安全的自行车停车场对青少年至关重要，而老年人则重视绿色环境，并对交通减速设施持有不同看法。本研究强调了微观尺度街道特征在促进脆弱群体积极交通中的重要性。此外，它还展示了虚拟现实在包容性城市设计和公民科学中的潜力。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103986
【作者信息】
Benjamin J.H. Beirens, 比利时根特大学，医学与健康科学学院，运动与运动科学系，
Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
Lieze Mertens, 比利时根特大学，医学与健康科学学院，运动与运动科学系，Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium；比利时根特大学，医学与健康科学学院，公共卫生与初级护理系，De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium；Howest，职业治疗，Kortrijk Weide校区，Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 1B, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
Benedicte Deforche, 比利时根特大学，医学与健康科学学院，公共卫生与初级护理系，
De Pintelaan 185, 4k3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium；比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学，体育教育与物理治疗学院，运动与营养健康与表现研究小组，Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Nico Van de Weghe, 比利时根特大学，科学学院，地理系，Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
Kobe Boussauw, 比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学，城市研究中心 - 地理系，Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Delfien Van Dyck，比利时根特大学，医学与健康科学学院，运动与运动科学系，
Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
论文10
Re-examining the role of street network configuration on bicycle commuting using crowdsourced data
使用众包数据重新审视街道网络配置对自行车通勤的影响
【摘要】
Understanding the role of street network configuration on commuter cycling can aid city planners in assessing and evaluating interventions to promote regular cycling into people's routines. Studies examining this relationship generally build models on observed cycling counts. While this provides valuable information, it could still result in an incomplete picture because some routes with advantages (e.g., good accessibility, amenities etc) may not have been utilised as expected because of other confounding factors (e.g., safety issues, motorised traffic) or vice-versa, leading to incorrect conclusions especially in the absence of data on these confounding factors. Thus, in this study, we argue that observing higher cycling flows on a route should not be the sole criteria to examine the role of street network configuration on the cycling patterns, especially when certain confounding factors have not been controlled for. We utilise data from the activity tracking app Strava for the city of Glasgow and compare the observed cycling intensities with the modelled cycling intensities where all the cyclists take the shortest routes. We estimated three linear regression models for: Observed Strava Cycling Intensities, Modelled Strava Cycling Intensities, and the difference between these two measures. Street network configuration were incorporated using Space Syntax measures: Normalised Angular Choice and Normalised Angular Integration. The roles of these variables, along with route characteristics and natural environment factors, on commuter cyclists' trips are explored. Visual exploration and linear regression models indicate that cyclists deviated away from the well-integrated, straighter routes to aesthetically attractive routes with cycling infrastructure, and towards links within mixed land use and to the least deprived areas. These results are of interest to policy makers and assist in infrastructure planning.
【摘要翻译】
理解街道网络配置在通勤骑行中的作用可以帮助城市规划者评估和评估促进人们日常骑行的干预措施。研究这一关系的研究通常基于观察到的骑行计数构建模型。尽管这提供了有价值的信息，但由于某些具有优势（例如良好的可达性、便利设施等）的路线可能因为其他混杂因素（例如安全问题、机动车交通）未按预期使用，或者反之，可能导致不正确的结论，尤其是在缺乏这些混杂因素数据的情况下。因此，在本研究中，我们认为，观察到某条路线上的骑行流量较高不应作为唯一标准来检验街道网络配置对骑行模式的作用，特别是当某些混杂因素尚未控制时。我们利用来自Strava活动跟踪应用的数据，比较格拉斯哥市的观察骑行强度与模型骑行强度（即所有骑行者都采用最短路线的模型骑行强度）。我们为以下三个方面估算了三个线性回归模型：观察的Strava骑行强度、模型的Strava骑行强度，以及这两者之间的差异。街道网络配置通过空间语法指标纳入模型：标准化角选择和标准化角整合。我们探讨了这些变量与路线特征和自然环境因素对通勤骑行者出行的影响。可视化探索和线性回归模型表明，骑行者偏离了良好整合的、直线的路线，选择了具有骑行基础设施的美观路线，朝向混合土地使用的链接和最不贫困的地区。这些结果对政策制定者具有重要意义，并有助于基础设施规划。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103989
【作者信息】
Varun Raturi, 格拉斯哥大学城市研究系，英国格拉斯哥，varun.raturi@glasgow.ac.uk
David Philip McArthur, 格拉斯哥大学城市研究系，英国格拉斯哥
Jinhyun Hong，首尔大学智能城市系，韩国首尔
论文11
Complements or competitors? Equity implications of taxis and ride-hail use in Chicago
互补还是竞争？芝加哥出租车和叫车服务的公平影响
【摘要】
Taxis have provided on-demand mobility for decades, including to people earning the lowest incomes. However, studies reveal gaps in taxi service across many US cities due to factors such as fleet size limitations, information asymmetry, and discriminatory practices. Since 2010, the emergence of ride-hail services such as Uber and Lyft has revolutionized the transportation landscape, offering faster and more affordable alternatives to traditional taxis. Yet it remains unclear the extent to which ride-hail services may fill spatial-temporal gaps in taxi services or how car access shifted after the arrival of ride-hail services. Additionally, taxis may still play an important role in car access for people who rely on cash payments. This study uses longitudinal trip-level ride-hail and taxi data in Chicago, IL, to examine the shifting trip patterns across the two modes. We compared the spatial-temporal pattern of taxi and ride-hail trips, as well as the share of taxi trips paid for in cash across three periods; we then developed spatial regression models to investigate what factors relate to taxi cash payments. Results show that ride-hail services may, directly and indirectly, fill taxi service gaps. Additionally, population density, land use mix, and the proportion of people of color and zero-car households are positively related to the share of taxi trips paid in cash, while the number of ride-hail trips and banking density are negatively associated with the percentage of cash payments. Policymakers should consider the evolving interplay between taxi and ride-hail services and the significance of cash payments to ensure equitable access to transportation options for individuals without cars.
【摘要翻译】
出租车为人们提供了几十年的按需出行服务，包括收入最低的人群。然而，研究显示，由于车队规模限制、信息不对称和歧视性做法等因素，许多美国城市的出租车服务存在差距。自2010年以来，Uber和Lyft等网约车服务的出现彻底改变了交通格局，提供了比传统出租车更快、更实惠的替代方案。然而，网约车服务在多大程度上能够填补出租车服务的时空差距，或者网约车服务出现后汽车出行的变化仍不清楚。此外，出租车可能仍在依赖现金支付的人们的汽车出行中发挥重要作用。本研究使用伊利诺伊州芝加哥的纵向行程级别网约车和出租车数据，考察这两种出行方式的行程模式变化。我们比较了出租车和网约车行程的时空模式，以及三个时间段内现金支付的出租车行程占比；然后，我们建立空间回归模型，研究与出租车现金支付相关的因素。结果显示，网约车服务可能直接和间接地填补出租车服务的空白。此外，人口密度、土地使用混合程度、少数族裔比例和无车家庭比例与现金支付的出租车行程占比呈正相关，而网约车行程数量和银行密度则与现金支付的百分比呈负相关。政策制定者应考虑出租车与网约车服务之间不断变化的相互作用以及现金支付的重要性，以确保无车个体平等获得交通选择。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103973
【作者信息】
Si'an Meng, 俄勒冈大学，规划、公共政策与管理学院，1209 俄勒冈大学，尤金，俄勒冈州 97403，美国
Anne Brown, 俄勒冈大学，规划、公共政策与管理学院，1209 俄勒冈大学，尤金，俄勒冈州 97403，美国
Jesus M. Barajas，加州大学戴维斯分校，环境科学与政策系，One Shields Ave.，戴维斯，加州 95616，美国
论文12
Maritime trade and economic development in North Korea
北韩的海洋贸易与经济发展
【摘要】
The North Korean economy is experiencing a deepening economic and political crisis since the early 1990s. Although North Korea is not commonly seen as a shipping nation, its major cities are coastal, and it hosts nine international trading ports. However, little is known about the role of maritime transport in its development. This article uses vessel movement data to reconstitute the maritime network linking North Korean ports and other ports, over the period 1977–2021. Besides the drastic connectivity loss, main results conclude about a limited role of maritime transport in economic development, except for its participation to China's increasing grip on North Korea. This research brings new knowledge about North Korea and contributes to advance maritime network studies in general.
【摘要翻译】
自20世纪90年代初以来，朝鲜经济正经历日益加深的经济和政治危机。尽管朝鲜通常不被视为航运国家，但其主要城市位于沿海，并拥有九个国际贸易港口。然而，对于海洋运输在其发展中的作用知之甚少。本文使用船舶移动数据，重建了1977年至2021年期间链接朝鲜港口与其他港口的海洋网络。除了剧烈的连通性丧失外，主要结果还表明，海洋运输在经济发展中的作用有限，除了它参与了中国对朝鲜日益增强的控制。这项研究为了解朝鲜带来了新的知识，并有助于推动海洋网络研究的发展。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103990
【作者信息】
César Ducruet, 法国国家科学研究中心 (CNRS)，UMR 7235 EconomiX，巴黎南特大学，200 Avenue de la République，南特，法国
In Joo Yoon，韩国海洋研究所 (KMI)，北方及极地研究部门，釜山，韩国
论文13
Uncovering the multiplex network of global container shipping: Insights from shipping companies
揭示全球集装箱航运的多层网络：来自航运公司的见解
【摘要】
Shipping companies are key drivers of maritime trade and crucial in the development of container shipping networks. Each company's strategy shapes differences in port services and shipping routes, creating a complex and interconnected global container shipping network that is difficult to analyze using single-layer or aggregated models. This paper introduces a novel multiplex network modeling approach that leverages a very large set of AIS data and applies a series of structural indices to reveal the unique characteristics and multiple key roles of various shipping company networks. By applying methods such as overlap ratio analysis, HITS analysis, and community detection, the study identifies differences in overlap between ports and routes, hub and authority properties of individual ports, as well as local and regional patterns within the global network. Furthermore, it examines structural differences between the multiplex network, the aggregated network, and individual layers, highlighting the importance of multiplex container networks in understanding ports' roles on both regional and global scales. The findings clarify how different shipping companies shape shipping network patterns, enhance the multiplex network's functional roles, and provide a better understanding of the complex structure of the Global Container Shipping Network (GCSN). Finally, it provides authorities with valuable insights on how to better understand maritime shipping networks.
【摘要翻译】
航运公司是海上贸易的主要驱动者，并在集装箱运输网络的发展中发挥着关键作用。每个公司的战略塑造了港口服务和航运路线的差异，形成了一个复杂且相互关联的全球集装箱运输网络，这使得使用单层或聚合模型进行分析变得困难。本文介绍了一种新颖的多层网络建模方法，该方法利用了一组非常庞大的 AIS 数据，并应用一系列结构指标，以揭示各种航运公司网络的独特特征和多重关键角色。通过应用重叠率分析、HITS 分析和社区检测等方法，研究识别出港口和航线之间的重叠差异、个别港口的枢纽和权威特性，以及全球网络内的地方和区域模式。此外，研究还考察了多层网络、聚合网络和各个层之间的结构差异，强调了多层集装箱网络在理解港口在区域和全球范围内角色的重要性。研究结果澄清了不同航运公司如何塑造航运网络模式，增强了多层网络的功能角色，并提供了对全球集装箱运输网络（GCSN）复杂结构的更好理解。最后，为当局提供了关于如何更好地理解海上运输网络的宝贵见解。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103970
【作者信息】
Yang Xu, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室，北京 100101，中国；中国科学院大学，北京 100049，中国
Peng Peng, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室，北京 100101，中国；中国科学院大学，北京 100049，中国
Feng Lu, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室，北京 100101，中国；中国科学院大学，北京 100049，中国；数字中国研究院，福州大学，福州 350002，中国；江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心，南京210023，中国
Christophe Claramunt，中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室，北京 100101，中国；法国兰韦奥克海军学院研究所，兰韦奥克 29240，法国
论文14
Polycentricity and TOD-ness synergy: A novel composite index for integrated development of employment centers and residential cores in transit-oriented neighborhoods
多中心性与 TOD（交通导向开发）协同：用于交通导向社区中就业中心与住宅核心综合发展的新复合指数
【摘要】
Proximity of transit-oriented development (TOD) goals to polycentric urban development in the field of controlling negative effects of urban sprawl reinforces polycentricity and TOD-ness spatial synergy. Furthermore, identification of transit-oriented neighborhoods that have high potential to become secondary employment centers (ECs) is one of the most important challenges facing urban transport planners and land use policy makers. This research explained integrated development of ECs and residential cores (RCs) in transit-oriented neighborhoods using a novel composite index. The index is designed based on TOD-ness and polycentricity measures using spatial statistical methods and helps urban planners and policy makers to better identify polycentric TODs as transit-oriented residential neighborhoods with high potential to become secondary employment centers. Research findings confirmed higher accessibility of polycentric TODs to public services and public and private transportation that have better integration in the development of urban facilities and transportation systems. Furthermore, the findings confirmed polycentricity and TOD-ness spatial synergies in polycentric TODs.
【摘要翻译】
以交通导向开发（TOD）目标与多中心城市发展的接近性，强化了对抗城市蔓延负面影响的多中心性与TOD空间协同。此外，识别具有高潜力成为二级就业中心（ECs）的交通导向邻里是城市交通规划者和土地利用政策制定者面临的最重要挑战之一。本研究通过一种新颖的复合指数，解释了交通导向邻里中就业中心与居住核心（RCs）的综合发展。该指数基于TOD性和多中心性度量，使用空间统计方法设计，帮助城市规划者和政策制定者更好地识别具有高潜力成为二级就业中心的多中心TOD作为交通导向的住宅邻里。研究结果证实，多中心TOD对公共服务以及公共和私人交通的可达性更高，且在城市设施和交通系统的发展中具有更好的整合性。此外，研究结果确认了多中心TOD中的多中心性和TOD性空间协同效应。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103994
【作者信息】
Mohammad Javad Jamshidi，助理教授，城市规划，拉齐大学工程学院建筑与城市规划系，伊朗克尔曼沙赫
论文15
A ‘node-place-network-city’ framework to examine HSR station area development dynamics: Station typologies and development strategies
多中心性与 TOD（交通导向开发）协同：用于交通导向社区中就业中心与住宅核心综合发展的新复合指数
【摘要】
High-speed railway (HSR) stations play an important role in shaping the development/redevelopment of the surrounding areas. While different studies have been conducted to explore station area development, they tend to simplify the conceptualisation of station area development and lack a comprehensive perspective that captures how different variables at multiple levels are interacted with station area development. This research proposes the ‘node-place-network-city’framework, an innovative extension of the traditional ‘node-place’ model, to analyse station area development. Focusing on 123 HSR station areas in the Yangtze River Delta as of 2018, this research employs spatial big data to explore the intricate relationships between various city and network indicators and station area development. Unlike previous studies that have typically simplified station area development and treated the relationships as linear, this study adopts a decision tree model. This method effectively identifies diverse typologies of HSR stations and facilitates the formulation of tailored development strategies for each type. This research significantly contributes to the theoretical understanding of HSR station area development and provides valuable and actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers. It marks a step forward in comprehensively assessing and guiding the development of HSR station areas, thereby offering a robust framework for both academic research and practical application in spatial planning.
【摘要翻译】
高速铁路（HSR）站在塑造周边地区的发展/再开发中扮演着重要角色。虽然已经进行了一些研究以探讨车站区域的发展，但这些研究往往简化了车站区域发展的概念化，并缺乏一种全面的视角来捕捉不同层面上各种变量与车站区域发展之间的相互作用。该研究提出了“节点-场所-网络-城市”框架，这是对传统“节点-场所”模型的创新扩展，用于分析车站区域的发展。研究重点关注截至2018年长江三角洲的123个高速铁路车站区域，利用空间大数据探索各种城市和网络指标与车站区域发展之间的复杂关系。与以往通常简化车站区域发展并将关系视为线性的研究不同，本研究采用决策树模型。这种方法有效地识别出高速铁路站的多样化类型，并为每种类型制定量身定制的发展战略。该研究显著提高了对高速铁路车站区域发展的理论理解，并为城市规划者和政策制定者提供了有价值且可行的见解。这标志着在全面评估和指导高速铁路车站区域发展方面向前迈出了重要一步，从而为学术研究和空间规划的实际应用提供了坚实的框架。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103993
【作者信息】
Wei Zheng, 英国曼彻斯特大学城市研究所规划、财产与环境管理系
Sheng Wei，江苏省规划设计集团有限公司，中国南京
论文16
Multiple airport regions: A review of concepts, insights and challenges
多机场区域：概念、见解和挑战的回顾
【摘要】
Multiple Airport Regions (MARs) are an increasingly important element of air transportation, enabling capacity distribution, providing redundancies, and potentially improving accessibility for passengers. Prime examples for MARs include London, New York, and Tokyo, and the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. The scientific community has investigated MAR-phenomena for nearly 40 years now; with the first seminal papers having appeared in the 1980s / 1990s. Despite the significant number of studies in this area, there exists—to the best of our knowledge—no attempt to categorize all papers on this subject. In this study, we address this gap in the literature by collecting the extant studies on the subject and classify them according to their foci and key contributions. Moreover, based on insights from these studies and the highly developing GBA-MAR, we propose and discuss a set of challenges for effective and successful MARs development. We believe that our work is helpful for the relevant communities to maintain an overview of the state-of-the-art as well as working on the open challenges in a goal-oriented way.
【摘要翻译】
多个机场地区（MARs）是航空运输中日益重要的元素，能够实现容量分配、提供冗余并可能改善乘客的可达性。伦敦、纽约、东京以及中国的粤港澳大湾区（GBA）是MARs的典型例子。科学界已对MAR现象进行了近40年的研究；首批重要论文出现在1980年代和1990年代。尽管在该领域的研究数量众多，但据我们所知，尚未有尝试对所有相关论文进行分类。在本研究中，我们填补了这一文献空白，收集了现有的相关研究，并根据其焦点和主要贡献进行分类。此外，基于这些研究的见解和正在快速发展的GBA-MAR，我们提出并讨论了一套有效且成功的MAR发展挑战。我们认为，我们的工作对相关社区维护对该领域最新发展的概述以及以目标导向的方式应对开放挑战是有帮助的。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103974
【作者信息】
Xiaoqian Sun，北京航空航天大学国家CNS/ATM重点实验室，100191，北京，中国
Changhong Zheng，北京航空航天大学国家CNS/ATM重点实验室，100191，北京
Xinyue Chen，北京航空航天大学国家CNS/ATM重点实验室，100191，北京，中国
Sebastian Wandelt，北京航空航天大学国家CNS/ATM重点实验室，100191，北京
论文17
How do spatial factors affect On-Demand Food Delivery usage among urban residents? Evidence from Singapore
空间因素如何影响城市居民的按需外卖使用？来自新加坡的证据
【摘要】
This research addresses the interplay between spatial factors and consumers' on-demand food delivery (ODFD) usage with special attention to three aspects: (1) the contextualization of spatial food environments, whereby different spatial measurements (food accessibility vs. food presence) and zone definitions are compared to select the appropriate variables. Also, the study is not confined to dining opportunities at residential locations, while individuals' daily activities are considered; (2) the heterogeneity across contexts, namely home-based and non-home-based usage; (3) the nonlinear effects of demographic profiles. With data collected in Singapore, this study examines the effects of spatial food environment, built environment, and demographic attributes on ODFD frequency. The results indicate a negative association between offline food access and ODFD usage frequency while such relationships are heterogeneous across usage contexts. Meanwhile, a negative association between neighborhood walkability and ODFD usage is also observed though the relationship is modest. Regarding the demographic profiles, the significant effects of age, household income, education levels, household size, and gender are noted with nonlinear patterns and heterogeneity across usage contexts.
【摘要翻译】
本研究探讨了空间因素与消费者按需食品配送（ODFD）使用之间的相互作用，特别关注三个方面：(1) 空间食品环境的背景化，通过比较不同的空间测量（食品可达性与食品存在）和区域定义，以选择适当的变量。研究不仅限于居住地的餐饮机会，还考虑个人的日常活动；(2) 上下文中的异质性，即基于家庭和非家庭的使用；(3) 人口统计特征的非线性影响。通过在新加坡收集的数据，本研究考察了空间食品环境、建成环境和人口特征对ODFD频率的影响。结果表明，线下食品获取与ODFD使用频率之间存在负相关关系，而这种关系在不同使用上下文中具有异质性。同时，观察到邻里步行性与ODFD使用之间也存在负相关关系，尽管这种关系较弱。关于人口统计特征，显著的影响因素包括年龄、家庭收入、教育水平、家庭规模和性别，且存在非线性模式和不同使用上下文的异质性。
【doi】
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103984
【作者信息】
Bohao Ma, 南洋理工大学土木与环境工程学院，新加坡南洋大道50号，N1-01a-04，邮政编码639798，新加坡
Yiik Diew Wong, 南洋理工大学土木与环境工程学院，新加坡南洋大道50号，N1-01a-04，邮政编码639798，新加坡
Chee-Chong Teo, 南洋理工大学土木与环境工程学院，新加坡南洋大道50号，N1-01a-04，邮政编码639798，新加坡
Shanshan Sun，新加坡科学技术研究局高性能计算研究所，Fusionopolis Way 1号，#16-16 Connexis，邮政编码138632，新加坡
