stm32 单片机(on-chip flash)(片上flash)使用 rt-thread 的FAL 软件包
一、开发环境
硬件：野火 stm32f407 开发板。
软件：rt-thread v4.1.1 stm32f407-atk-explorer bsp包。
注意：
FAL：Flash 抽象层。在 V4.1.0 中，将 fal 软件包重新定义为 RT-Thread 内部组件，在使用方式上和以前有这些区别：
（1）原本使用 fal 需要在 RT-Thread 的包管理器中选择并进行下载；
（2）现在只需要在组件中打开使用即可。
二、stm32f407 flash介绍
根据数据手册和参考手册可知道，stm32f407zgt6 内部 flash 大小为 1Mbytes=1024Kbytes，分为 4个 16Kbytes，1个 64 Kbytes，7个 128 Kbytes。
三、FAL 软件包介绍
3.1 介绍
FAL (Flash Abstraction Layer) Flash 抽象层，是对 Flash 及基于 Flash 的分区进行管理、操作的抽象层，对上层统一了 Flash 及 分区操作的 API (框架图如下所示)，并具有以下特性：
1、支持静态可配置的分区表，并可关联多个 Flash 设备；
2、分区表支持 自动装载 。避免在多固件项目，分区表被多次定义的问题；
3、代码精简，对操作系统 无依赖 ，可运行于裸机平台，比如对资源有一定要求的 Bootloader；
4、统一的操作接口。保证了文件系统、OTA、NVM（例如：EasyFlash） 等对 Flash 有一定依赖的组件，底层 Flash 驱动的可重用性；
5、自带基于 Finsh/MSH 的测试命令，可以通过 Shell 按字节寻址的方式操作（读写擦） Flash 或分区，方便开发者进行调试、测试；
3.2 FAL 目录
| 名称 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| inc | 头文件目录 |
| src | 源代码目录 |
| samples | 例程目录 |
3.3 FAL API
API详细参考链接：
https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/fal/fal_api
四、配置方法
使用 FAL 的基本步骤如下所示：
1、打开 FAL：从 Env 中打开 fal 软件包并下载到工程。在 V4.1.0 中，将 fal 软件包重新定义为 RT-Thread 内部组件，在组件中打开即可。
2、FAL 移植：定义 flash 设备、定义 flash 设备表、定义 flash 分区表。
3、调用 fal_init() 初始化该库：移植完成后，可在应用层调用，如在 main 函数中调用。
4.1 配置
使能 片上flash
打开 FAL，使用的是 4.1.1版本，所以在组件中打开使用。
每个功能的配置说明如下：
1、开启调试日志输出（默认开启）；
2、分区表是否在 fal_cfg.h 中定义（默认开启）。如果关闭此选项，fal 将会自动去指定 Flash 的指定位置去检索并装载分区表，具体配置详见下面两个选项；
- 存放分区表的 Flash 设备；
- 分区表的 结束地址 位于 Flash 设备上的偏移。fal 将从此地址开始往回进行检索分区表，直接读取到 Flash 顶部。如果不确定分区表具体位置，这里也可以配置为 Flash 的结束地址，fal 将会检索整个 Flash，检索时间可能会增加。
3、启用 FAL 针对 SFUD 的移植文件（默认关闭）；
- 应输入调用 rt_sfud_flash_probe 函数时传入的 FLASH 设备名称（也可以通过 list_device 命令查看 Block Device 的名字获取）。该名称与分区表中的 Flash 名称对应，只有正确设置设备名字，才能完成对 FLASH 的读写操作。
然后让 RT-Thread 的包管理器自动更新，或者使用 pkgs --update 命令更新包到 BSP 中。
将 测试参考文件中的 fal_cfg.h 文件放入 fal 文件夹的 头文件下
修改 片上 flash 的驱动 和 fal 的配置 。主要定义 flash 设备、定义 flash 设备表、定义 flash 分区表。
定义flash设备
打开 drv_flash_f4.c 文件，会发现如下提示：
修改 drv_flash_f4.c ，增加 一下宏定义
//芯片型号：STM32407xG
//起始地址
#define STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_16K ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_0
#define STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_64K ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4
#define STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_128K ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5
//大小
#define FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_16K (4*16*1024) //4个16K
#define FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_64K (64*1024) //1个64K
#define FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_128K (7*128*1024) //7个128K
完整代码如下：
/** Copyright (c) 2006-2022, RT-Thread Development Team** SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0** Change Logs:* Date Author Notes* 2018-12-5 SummerGift first version*/#include "board.h"#ifdef BSP_USING_ON_CHIP_FLASH
#include "drv_config.h"
#include "drv_flash.h"#if defined(RT_USING_FAL)
#include "fal.h"
#endif//#define DRV_DEBUG
#define LOG_TAG "drv.flash"
#include <drv_log.h>/* Base address of the Flash sectors Bank 1 */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_0 ((uint32_t)0x08000000) /* Base @ of Sector 0, 16 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_1 ((uint32_t)0x08004000) /* Base @ of Sector 1, 16 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_2 ((uint32_t)0x08008000) /* Base @ of Sector 2, 16 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_3 ((uint32_t)0x0800C000) /* Base @ of Sector 3, 16 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4 ((uint32_t)0x08010000) /* Base @ of Sector 4, 64 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5 ((uint32_t)0x08020000) /* Base @ of Sector 5, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6 ((uint32_t)0x08040000) /* Base @ of Sector 6, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7 ((uint32_t)0x08060000) /* Base @ of Sector 7, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_8 ((uint32_t)0x08080000) /* Base @ of Sector 8, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_9 ((uint32_t)0x080A0000) /* Base @ of Sector 9, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_10 ((uint32_t)0x080C0000) /* Base @ of Sector 10, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_11 ((uint32_t)0x080E0000) /* Base @ of Sector 11, 128 Kbytes *//* Base address of the Flash sectors Bank 2 */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_12 ((uint32_t)0x08100000) /* Base @ of Sector 0, 16 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_13 ((uint32_t)0x08104000) /* Base @ of Sector 1, 16 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_14 ((uint32_t)0x08108000) /* Base @ of Sector 2, 16 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_15 ((uint32_t)0x0810C000) /* Base @ of Sector 3, 16 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_16 ((uint32_t)0x08110000) /* Base @ of Sector 4, 64 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_17 ((uint32_t)0x08120000) /* Base @ of Sector 5, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_18 ((uint32_t)0x08140000) /* Base @ of Sector 6, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_19 ((uint32_t)0x08160000) /* Base @ of Sector 7, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_20 ((uint32_t)0x08180000) /* Base @ of Sector 8, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_21 ((uint32_t)0x081A0000) /* Base @ of Sector 9, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_22 ((uint32_t)0x081C0000) /* Base @ of Sector 10, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_23 ((uint32_t)0x081E0000) /* Base @ of Sector 11, 128 Kbytes *///芯片型号：STM32407xG
//起始地址
#define STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_16K ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_0
#define STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_64K ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4
#define STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_128K ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5
//大小
#define FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_16K (4*16*1024) //4个16K
#define FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_64K (64*1024) //1个64K
#define FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_128K (7*128*1024) //7个128K/*** @brief Gets the sector of a given address* @param None* @retval The sector of a given address*/
static rt_uint32_t GetSector(rt_uint32_t Address)
{rt_uint32_t sector = 0;if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_1) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_0)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_0;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_2) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_1)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_1;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_3) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_2)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_2;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_3)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_3;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_4;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_5;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_6;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_8) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_7;}
#if defined(FLASH_SECTOR_8)else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_9) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_8)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_8;}
#endif
#if defined(FLASH_SECTOR_9)else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_10) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_9)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_9;}
#endif
#if defined(FLASH_SECTOR_10)else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_11) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_10)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_10;}
#endif
#if defined(FLASH_SECTOR_11)else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_12) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_11)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_11;}
#endif
#if defined(STM32F427xx) || defined(STM32F437xx) || defined(STM32F429xx)|| defined(STM32F439xx) || defined(STM32F469xx) || defined(STM32F479xx)else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_13) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_12)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_12;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_14) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_13)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_13;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_15) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_14)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_14;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_16) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_15)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_15;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_17) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_16)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_16;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_18) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_17)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_17;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_19) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_18)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_18;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_20) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_19)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_19;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_21) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_20)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_20;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_22) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_21)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_21;}else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_23) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_22)){sector = FLASH_SECTOR_22;}else /* (Address < FLASH_END_ADDR) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_23) */{sector = FLASH_SECTOR_23;}
#endifreturn sector;
}/*** Read data from flash.* @note This operation's units is word.** @param addr flash address* @param buf buffer to store read data* @param size read bytes size** @return result*/
int stm32_flash_read(rt_uint32_t addr, rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{size_t i;if ((addr + size) > STM32_FLASH_END_ADDRESS){LOG_E("read outrange flash size! addr is (0x%p)", (void*)(addr + size));return -1;}for (i = 0; i < size; i++, buf++, addr++){*buf = *(rt_uint8_t *) addr;}return size;
}/*** Write data to flash.* @note This operation's units is word.* @note This operation must after erase. @see flash_erase.** @param addr flash address* @param buf the write data buffer* @param size write bytes size** @return result*/
int stm32_flash_write(rt_uint32_t addr, const rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{rt_err_t result = RT_EOK;rt_uint32_t end_addr = addr + size;rt_uint32_t written_size = 0;rt_uint32_t write_size = 0;if ((end_addr) > STM32_FLASH_END_ADDRESS){LOG_E("write outrange flash size! addr is (0x%p)", (void*)(addr + size));return -RT_EINVAL;}if (size < 1){return -RT_EINVAL;}HAL_FLASH_Unlock();__HAL_FLASH_CLEAR_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_EOP | FLASH_FLAG_OPERR | FLASH_FLAG_WRPERR | FLASH_FLAG_PGAERR | FLASH_FLAG_PGPERR | FLASH_FLAG_PGSERR);while (written_size < size){if (((addr + written_size) % 4 == 0) && (size - written_size >= 4)){if (HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_WORD, addr + written_size, *((rt_uint32_t *)(buf + written_size))) == HAL_OK){if (*(rt_uint32_t *)(addr + written_size) != *(rt_uint32_t *)(buf + written_size)){result = -RT_ERROR;break;}}else{result = -RT_ERROR;break;}write_size = 4;}else if (((addr + written_size) % 2 == 0) && (size - written_size >= 2)){if (HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_HALFWORD, addr + written_size, *((rt_uint16_t *)(buf + written_size))) == HAL_OK){if (*(rt_uint16_t *)(addr + written_size) != *(rt_uint16_t *)(buf + written_size)){result = -RT_ERROR;break;}}else{result = -RT_ERROR;break;}write_size = 2;}else{if (HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_BYTE, addr + written_size, *((rt_uint8_t *)(buf + written_size))) == HAL_OK){if (*(rt_uint8_t *)(addr + written_size) != *(rt_uint8_t *)(buf + written_size)){result = -RT_ERROR;break;}}else{result = -RT_ERROR;break;}write_size = 1;}written_size += write_size;}HAL_FLASH_Lock();if (result != RT_EOK){return result;}return size;
}/*** Erase data on flash.* @note This operation is irreversible.* @note This operation's units is different which on many chips.** @param addr flash address* @param size erase bytes size** @return result*/
int stm32_flash_erase(rt_uint32_t addr, size_t size)
{rt_err_t result = RT_EOK;rt_uint32_t FirstSector = 0, NbOfSectors = 0;rt_uint32_t SECTORError = 0;if ((addr + size) > STM32_FLASH_END_ADDRESS){LOG_E("ERROR: erase outrange flash size! addr is (0x%p)\n", (void*)(addr + size));return -RT_EINVAL;}if (size < 1){return -RT_EINVAL;}/*Variable used for Erase procedure*/FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef EraseInitStruct;/* Unlock the Flash to enable the flash control register access */HAL_FLASH_Unlock();__HAL_FLASH_CLEAR_FLAG(FLASH_FLAG_EOP | FLASH_FLAG_OPERR | FLASH_FLAG_WRPERR | FLASH_FLAG_PGAERR | FLASH_FLAG_PGPERR | FLASH_FLAG_PGSERR);/* Get the 1st sector to erase */FirstSector = GetSector(addr);/* Get the number of sector to erase from 1st sector*/NbOfSectors = GetSector(addr + size - 1) - FirstSector + 1;/* Fill EraseInit structure*/EraseInitStruct.TypeErase = FLASH_TYPEERASE_SECTORS;EraseInitStruct.VoltageRange = FLASH_VOLTAGE_RANGE_3;EraseInitStruct.Sector = FirstSector;EraseInitStruct.NbSectors = NbOfSectors;if (HAL_FLASHEx_Erase(&EraseInitStruct, (uint32_t *)&SECTORError) != HAL_OK){result = -RT_ERROR;goto __exit;}__exit:HAL_FLASH_Lock();if (result != RT_EOK){return result;}LOG_D("erase done: addr (0x%p), size %d", (void*)addr, size);return size;
}#if defined(RT_USING_FAL)static int fal_flash_read_16k(long offset, rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size);
static int fal_flash_read_64k(long offset, rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size);
static int fal_flash_read_128k(long offset, rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size);static int fal_flash_write_16k(long offset, const rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size);
static int fal_flash_write_64k(long offset, const rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size);
static int fal_flash_write_128k(long offset, const rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size);static int fal_flash_erase_16k(long offset, size_t size);
static int fal_flash_erase_64k(long offset, size_t size);
static int fal_flash_erase_128k(long offset, size_t size);const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_16k =
{"onchip_flash_16k",STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_16K,FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_16K,(16 * 1024),{NULL,fal_flash_read_16k,fal_flash_write_16k,fal_flash_erase_16k,},8,
};
const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_64k =
{"onchip_flash_64k",STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_64K,FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_64K,(64 * 1024),{NULL,fal_flash_read_64k,fal_flash_write_64k,fal_flash_erase_64k,},8,
};
const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_128k =
{"onchip_flash_128k",STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_128K,FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_128K,(128 * 1024),{NULL,fal_flash_read_128k,fal_flash_write_128k,fal_flash_erase_128k,},8,
};static int fal_flash_read_16k(long offset, rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{return stm32_flash_read(stm32_onchip_flash_16k.addr + offset, buf, size);
}
static int fal_flash_read_64k(long offset, rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{return stm32_flash_read(stm32_onchip_flash_64k.addr + offset, buf, size);
}
static int fal_flash_read_128k(long offset, rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{return stm32_flash_read(stm32_onchip_flash_128k.addr + offset, buf, size);
}static int fal_flash_write_16k(long offset, const rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{return stm32_flash_write(stm32_onchip_flash_16k.addr + offset, buf, size);
}
static int fal_flash_write_64k(long offset, const rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{return stm32_flash_write(stm32_onchip_flash_64k.addr + offset, buf, size);
}
static int fal_flash_write_128k(long offset, const rt_uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{return stm32_flash_write(stm32_onchip_flash_128k.addr + offset, buf, size);
}static int fal_flash_erase_16k(long offset, size_t size)
{return stm32_flash_erase(stm32_onchip_flash_16k.addr + offset, size);
}
static int fal_flash_erase_64k(long offset, size_t size)
{return stm32_flash_erase(stm32_onchip_flash_64k.addr + offset, size);
}
static int fal_flash_erase_128k(long offset, size_t size)
{return stm32_flash_erase(stm32_onchip_flash_128k.addr + offset, size);
}#endif
#endif /* BSP_USING_ON_CHIP_FLASH */注意：
修改 fal_cfg.h 文件，如下：
定义 flash 设备表
extern const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_16k;
extern const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_64k;
extern const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_128k;/* flash device table */
#define FAL_FLASH_DEV_TABLE \
{ \&stm32_onchip_flash_16k, \&stm32_onchip_flash_64k, \&stm32_onchip_flash_128k, \
}
定义 flash 分区表
#ifdef FAL_PART_HAS_TABLE_CFG
/* partition table */
#define FAL_PART_TABLE \
{ \{FAL_PART_MAGIC_WORD, "flash16k", "onchip_flash_16k", 0, 64*1024, 0}, \{FAL_PART_MAGIC_WORD, "flash64k", "onchip_flash_64k", 0, 64*1024, 0}, \{FAL_PART_MAGIC_WORD, "flash128k_1", "onchip_flash_128k", 0, 1*128*1024, 0}, \{FAL_PART_MAGIC_WORD, "flash128k_6", "onchip_flash_128k", 1*128*1024, 6*128*1024, 0}, \
}
完整代码如下：
/** Copyright (c) 2006-2018, RT-Thread Development Team** SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0** Change Logs:* Date Author Notes* 2018-05-17 armink the first version*/#ifndef _FAL_CFG_H_
#define _FAL_CFG_H_#include <rtconfig.h>
#include <board.h>/* ===================== Flash device Configuration ========================= */
extern const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_16k;
extern const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_64k;
extern const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_128k;/* flash device table */
#define FAL_FLASH_DEV_TABLE \
{ \&stm32_onchip_flash_16k, \&stm32_onchip_flash_64k, \&stm32_onchip_flash_128k, \
}
/* ====================== Partition Configuration ========================== */
#ifdef FAL_PART_HAS_TABLE_CFG
/* partition table */
#define FAL_PART_TABLE \
{ \{FAL_PART_MAGIC_WORD, "flash16k", "onchip_flash_16k", 0, 64*1024, 0}, \{FAL_PART_MAGIC_WORD, "flash64k", "onchip_flash_64k", 0, 64*1024, 0}, \{FAL_PART_MAGIC_WORD, "flash128k_1", "onchip_flash_128k", 0, 1*128*1024, 0}, \{FAL_PART_MAGIC_WORD, "flash128k_6", "onchip_flash_128k", 1*128*1024, 6*128*1024, 0}, \
}
#endif /* FAL_PART_HAS_TABLE_CFG */#endif /* _FAL_CFG_H_ */注意：
编译，警告提示
rt-thread\components\fal\src\fal_rtt.c(647): warning: #223-D: function "strtol" declared implicitly
添加头文件 #include <stdlib.h> 即可。
五、 测试代码
调用 fal_init() 进行初始化。
/** Copyright (c) 2006-2021, RT-Thread Development Team** SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0** Change Logs:* Date Author Notes* 2018-11-06 SummerGift first version* 2018-11-19 flybreak add stm32f407-atk-explorer bsp*/#include <rtthread.h>
#include <rtdevice.h>
#include <board.h>
#include <fal.h>/* defined the LED0 pin: PF7 */
#define LED0_PIN GET_PIN(F, 7)int main(void)
{/* set LED0 pin mode to output */rt_pin_mode(LED0_PIN, PIN_MODE_OUTPUT);fal_init();while (1){rt_pin_write(LED0_PIN, PIN_HIGH);rt_thread_mdelay(500);rt_pin_write(LED0_PIN, PIN_LOW);rt_thread_mdelay(500);}
}编译下载到开发板。
六、测试结果
fal 指令
fal probe 指令
参考：
https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/fal/fal
https://blog.csdn.net/E2242/article/details/134853391
https://shequ.stmicroelectronics.cn/thread-644240-1-1.html
https://www.st.com.cn/zh/microcontrollers-microprocessors/stm32f4-series/documentation.html