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【AUTOSAR标准文档】服务类型介绍

news 2024/10/22 9:26:01

Introduction to types of services

The Basic Software can be subdivided into the following types of services:

① Input/Output (I/O)

Standardized access to sensors, actuators and ECU onboard peripherals

② Memory

Standardized access to internal/external memory (non volatile memory)

③Crypto

Standardized access to cryptographic primitives including internal/external hardware accelerators

④ Communication

Standardized access to: vehicle network systems, ECU onboard communication systems and ECU internal SW

⑤ Off-board

Communication Standardized access to: Vehicle-to-X communication, in vehicle wireless network systems, ECU off-board communication systems

⑥ System

Provision of standardizeable (operating system, timers, error memory) and ECU specific (ECU state management, watchdog manager) services and library functions

译文：

AUTOSAR标准文档中的内容可以翻译为以下中文表述：

基础软件可以细分为以下类型的服务：

① 输入/输出（I/O）

对传感器、执行器和ECU（电子控制单元）车载外设的标准化访问

② 内存

对内部/外部内存（非易失性内存）的标准化访问

③ 密码学（Crypto）

对包括内部/外部硬件加速器在内的密码学原语的标准化访问

④ 通信

对以下内容的标准化访问：车辆网络系统、ECU车载通信系统和ECU内部软件

⑤ 车外通信（Off-board）

对以下内容的标准化访问：车对X（Vehicle-to-X）通信、车内无线网络系统、ECU车外通信系统

⑥ 系统

提供可标准化的（操作系统、定时器、错误内存）和ECU特定的（ECU状态管理、看门狗管理器）服务以及库函数

Driver (internal)

A driver contains the functionality to control and access an internal or an external device.

Internal devices are located inside the microcontroller. Examples for internal devices are:

① Internal EEPROM

② Internal CAN controller

③ Internal ADC A driver for an internal device is called internal driver and is located in the Microcontroller Abstraction Layer.

译文：

驱动程序包含控制和访问内部或外部设备的功能。

内部设备位于微控制器内部。内部设备的例子包括：

① 内部EEPROM

② 内部CAN控制器

③ 内部ADC

用于内部设备的驱动程序称为内部驱动程序，它位于微控制器抽象层（Microcontroller Abstraction Layer）中。

Driver (external)

External devices are located on the ECU hardware outside the microcontroller. Examples for external devices are:

① External EEPROM

② External watchdog

③ External flash

A driver for an external device is called external driver and is located in the ECU Abstraction Layer. It accesses the external device via drivers of the Microcontroller Abstraction Layer.

This way also components integrated in System Basis Chips (SBCs) like transceivers and watchdogs are supported by AUTOSAR.

 Example: a driver for an external EEPROM with SPI interface accesses the external EEPROM via the handler/driver for the SPI bus.

Exception:

The drivers for memory mapped external devices (e.g. external flash memory) may access the microcontroller directly. Those external drivers are located in the Microcontroller Abstraction Layer because they are microcontroller dependent.

译文：

外部设备位于微控制器之外的ECU（电子控制单元）硬件上。外部设备的例子包括：

① 外部EEPROM

② 外部看门狗

③ 外部闪存

用于外部设备的驱动程序称为外部驱动程序，它位于ECU抽象层中。它通过微控制器抽象层的驱动程序来访问外部设备。

通过这种方式，AUTOSAR还支持系统基础芯片（SBC）中集成的组件，如收发器和看门狗等。

示例：具有SPI接口的外部EEPROM的驱动程序通过SPI总线的处理程序/驱动程序来访问外部EEPROM。

例外情况：

用于内存映射外部设备（例如外部闪存）的驱动程序可以直接访问微控制器。这些外部驱动程序位于微控制器抽象层中，因为它们依赖于特定的微控制器。

Interface

An Interface (interface module) contains the functionality to abstract from modules which are architecturally placed below them. E.g., an interface module which abstracts from the hardware realization of a specific device. It provides a generic API to access a specific type of device independent on the number of existing devices of that type and independent on the hardware realization of the different devices.

The interface does not change the content of the data.

In general, interfaces are located in the ECU Abstraction Layer.

Example: an interface for a CAN communication system provides a generic API to access CAN communication networks independent on the number of CAN Controllers within an ECU and independent of the hardware realization (on chip, off chip).

译文：

一个接口（接口模块）包含从架构上位于其下方的模块中进行抽象的功能。例如，一个从特定设备的硬件实现中进行抽象的接口模块。它提供了一个通用的应用程序编程接口（API），用于访问特定类型的设备，这个接口与该类设备的数量以及不同设备的硬件实现无关。

接口不会改变数据的内容。

通常，接口位于ECU抽象层中。

示例：一个用于CAN通信系统的接口提供了一个通用的API，用于访问CAN通信网络，这个接口与ECU内CAN控制器的数量以及硬件实现（在芯片上或芯片外）无关。

Handler

A handler is a specific interface which controls the concurrent, multiple and asynchronous access of one or multiple clients to one or more drivers. I.e. it performs buffering, queuing, arbitration, multiplexing.

The handler does not change the content of the data.

Handler functionality is often incorporated in the driver or interface (e.g. SPIHandlerDriver, ADC Driver).

处理器是一种特定的接口，它控制一个或多个客户端对一个或多个驱动程序进行并发、多重和异步访问。也就是说，它执行缓冲、排队、仲裁和多路复用等操作。

处理器不会改变数据的内容。

处理器的功能通常被整合在驱动程序或接口中（例如SPI处理器驱动程序、ADC驱动程序）。

在AUTOSAR（汽车开放系统架构）的上下文中，处理器是一个关键组件，它确保了多个软件组件能够高效、安全地访问底层硬件资源。通过引入处理器的概念，AUTOSAR架构提供了一种标准化的方法来管理资源访问，从而提高了系统的可靠性和可扩展性。

Manager

A manager offers specific services for multiple clients. It is needed in all cases where pure handler functionality is not enough to abstract from multiple clients.

Besides handler functionality, a manager can evaluate and change or adapt the content of the data.

In general, managers are located in the Services Layer

Example: The NVRAM manager manages the concurrent access to internal and/or external memory devices like flash and EEPROM memory. It also performs distributed and reliable data storage, data checking, provision of default values etc.

译文：

管理器为多个客户端提供特定的服务。在所有仅凭处理器功能不足以从多个客户端进行抽象的情况下，都需要管理器。

除了处理器的功能外，管理器还可以评估、更改或调整数据的内容。

通常，管理器位于服务层。

示例：NVRAM（非易失性随机存取存储器）管理器管理对内部和/或外部存储设备（如闪存和EEPROM存储器）的并发访问。它还执行分布式和可靠的数据存储、数据检查、提供默认值等功能。

在AUTOSAR（汽车开放系统架构）中，管理器是一个重要的组件，它负责提供高级别的服务，以确保系统的正常运行和数据的完整性。通过管理器的设计，AUTOSAR架构能够更好地支持复杂的车载系统功能，并提高系统的可靠性和安全性。