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用Python Turtle绘制天安门技术讲解

news 2025/4/30 12:43:16

概述

Python的Turtle模块是一个简单的绘图库，它允许用户通过简单的命令控制一个小海龟在屏幕上移动，绘制出各种图形。本文将通过一个具体的示例——绘制简化版的天安门，来详细讲解如何使用Turtle模块。

环境准备

确保你的Python环境中已经安装了Turtle模块。大多数Python安装包已经自带了这个模块，如果没有，可以通过以下命令安装：

pip install PythonTurtle

效果图

在这里插入图片描述

Turtle模块基础

Turtle模块提供了一个绘图板（Screen）和一个画笔（Turtle），画笔可以在绘图板上移动并绘制图形。

基本命令

t.penup()：提起画笔，移动时不绘制。
t.pendown()：放下画笔，移动时绘制。
t.goto(x, y)：将画笔移动到坐标(x, y)。
t.left(angle)：画笔左转angle度。
t.right(angle)：画笔右转angle度。
t.circle(radius, extent)：画笔画圆，radius为半径，extent为圆弧角度。
t.begin_fill()：开始填充颜色。
t.end_fill()：结束填充颜色。

绘制天安门

以下是使用Turtle模块绘制简化版天安门的代码，我们将逐步分析代码的每个部分。

初始化设置

import turtle as tt.hideturtle()  # 隐藏画笔的箭头
t.setup(width=0.9, height=0.9)  # 设置绘图窗口的大小
t.speed(5)  # 设置画笔的移动速度
t.pensize(1)  # 设置画笔的粗细
t.setx(0)  # 设置画笔的x坐标
t.sety(0)  # 设置画笔的y坐标

绘制天安门的基座

t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor((0.8705, 0.0784, 0.0784))  # 设置填充颜色
t.goto(-250, 0)
t.goto(-223.55, 150)
t.goto(223.55, 150)
t.goto(250, 0)
t.goto(0, 0)
t.end_fill()

绘制门

# 绘制五个门，每个门的代码类似，这里只展示一个
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor("black")
t.goto(20, 0)
t.goto(20, 40)
t.right(270)
t.circle(20, 180)
t.goto(-20, 0)
t.goto(0, 0)
t.end_fill()

绘制文字

t.penup()
t.fillcolor((0.929, 0.180, 0.180))  # 设置填充颜色
t.goto(-177, 137)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(-63, 137)
t.goto(-63, 123)
t.goto(-177, 123)
t.goto(-177, 137)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(-177, 123)
t.pendown()
t.color("white")
t.write("中华人民共和国万岁", align="left", font=("华文中宋", "10", "normal"))
t.color("black")

绘制灯笼

t.penup()
t.goto(-135, 172)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor((0.8705, 0.0784, 0.0784))
t.begin_fill()
t.setheading(90)
for k in range(2):len = 0.2for i in range(60):if i < 30:len += 0.01if i > 30:len -= 0.01t.fd(len)t.left(3)
t.end_fill()

绘制地面

t.penup()
t.fillcolor((0.8705, 0.0784, 0.0784))
t.goto(0, 151)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(160, 151)
t.goto(160, 185.63)
t.goto(-160, 185.63)
t.goto(-160, 151)
t.goto(0, 151)
t.end_fill()

完成绘制

t.exitonclick()  # 点击窗口关闭程序

完整代码

import turtle as tt.hideturtle()
t.setup(width=0.9,height=0.9,startx=None,starty=None)
t.speed(5)
t.pensize(1)
t.setx(0)
t.sety(0)###base###
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor(0.8705,0.0784,0.0784)
t.goto(-250,0)
t.goto(-223.55,150)
t.goto(223.55,150)
t.goto(250,0)
t.goto(0,0)
t.end_fill()##door1#
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor("black")
t.goto(20,0)
t.goto(20,40)
t.right(270)
t.circle(20,180)
t.goto(-20,0)
t.goto(0,0)
t.end_fill()##door2##
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor("black")
t.right(90)
t.goto(-50,0)
t.goto(-50,30)
t.right(90)
t.circle(15,180)
t.goto(-80,0)
t.goto(0,0)
t.end_fill()##door3##
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor("black")
t.right(90)
t.goto(-105,0)
t.goto(-105,30)
t.right(90)
t.circle(15,180)
t.goto(-135,0)
t.goto(0,0)
t.end_fill()##door4##
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor("black")
t.right(90)
t.goto(80,0)
t.goto(80,30)
t.right(90)
t.circle(15,180)
t.goto(50,0)
t.goto(0,0)
t.end_fill()##door5##
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor("black")
t.right(90)
t.goto(135,0)
t.goto(135,30)
t.right(90)
t.circle(15,180)
t.goto(105,0)
t.goto(0,0)
t.end_fill()##under##
t.penup()
t.goto(-249.12,5)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.goto(-249.12,5)
t.goto(249.12,5)
t.goto(250,0)
t.goto(-250,0)
t.goto(-249.12,5)
t.end_fill()##up##
t.penup()
t.goto(-224.43,145)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.goto(224.43,145)
t.goto(223.55,150)
t.goto(-223.55,150)
t.end_fill()##leftword##
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.9372,0.9294,0.9294)
t.goto(-180,140)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(-60,140)
t.goto(-60,120)
t.goto(-180,120)
t.goto(-180,140)
t.goto(-180,120)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.929,0.180,0.180)
t.goto(-177,137)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(-63,137)
t.goto(-63,123)
t.goto(-177,123)
t.goto(-177,137)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(-177,123)
t.pendown()
t.color("white")
t.write("中华人民共和国万岁",align="left",font=("华文中宋","10","normal"))
t.color("black")##rightword##
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.9372,0.9294,0.9294)
t.goto(180,140)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(60,140)
t.goto(60,120)
t.goto(180,120)
t.goto(180,140)
t.goto(180,120)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.929,0.180,0.180)
t.goto(177,137)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(63,137)
t.goto(63,123)
t.goto(177,123)
t.goto(177,137)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(63,123)
t.pendown()
t.color("white")
t.write("世界人民大团结万岁",align="left",font=("华文中宋","10","normal"))
t.color("black")##face##
t.penup()
t.goto(-25,140)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor(0.9647,0.71764,0.04313)
t.goto(25,140)
t.goto(25,80)
t.goto(-25,80)
t.goto(-25,140)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(-23,138)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor(0.9686,0.8078,0.36862)
t.goto(23,138)
t.goto(23,83)
t.goto(-23,83)
t.goto(-23,137)
t.end_fill()###floor##
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.8705,0.0784,0.0784)
t.goto(0,151)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(160,151)
t.goto(160,185.63)
t.goto(-160,185.63)
t.goto(-160,151)
t.goto(0,151)
t.end_fill()
##on door1##
t.penup()
t.goto(-155,150)
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.pendown()
t.left(90)
t.begin_fill()
t.left(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(15)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(-147,180)
t.pendown()
t.left(180)
for i in range(2):t.fd(9)t.right(90)t.fd(2)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()
###lantern##
t.penup()
t.goto(-135,172)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor(0.8705,0.0784,0.0784)
t.begin_fill()
t.setheading(90)
for k in range(2):len=0.2for i in range(60):if i < 30:len +=0.01if i >30:len -=0.01t.fd(len)t.left(3)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(-147,165)
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.right(90)
for i in range(2):t.fd(8)t.right(90)t.fd(10)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()##on door2##
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(-110,150)
t.pendown()
t.left(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(15)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(-102,180)
t.pendown()
t.left(180)
for i in range(2):t.fd(9)t.right(90)t.fd(2)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()
###lantern##
t.penup()
t.goto(-90,172)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor(0.8705,0.0784,0.0784)
t.begin_fill()
t.setheading(90)
for k in range(2):len=0.2for i in range(60):if i < 30:len +=0.01if i >30:len -=0.01t.fd(len)t.left(3)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(-102,165)
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.right(90)
for i in range(2):t.fd(8)t.right(90)t.fd(10)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()##on door3##
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.goto(-65,150)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.left(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(15)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(-56.5,180)
t.pendown()
t.left(180)
for i in range(2):t.fd(9)t.right(90)t.fd(2)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()
###lantern##
t.penup()
t.goto(-45,172)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor(0.8705,0.0784,0.0784)
t.begin_fill()
t.setheading(90)
for k in range(2):len=0.2for i in range(60):if i < 30:len +=0.01if i >30:len -=0.01t.fd(len)t.left(3)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(-56.5,165)
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.right(90)
for i in range(2):t.fd(8)t.right(90)t.fd(10)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()###door 4##
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.goto(-20,150)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.left(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(30)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.end_fill()##on door5##
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(130,150)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(15)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(138.5,180)
t.pendown()
t.left(180)
for i in range(2):t.fd(9)t.right(90)t.fd(2)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()
###lantern##
t.penup()
t.goto(150,172)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor(0.8705,0.0784,0.0784)
t.begin_fill()
t.setheading(90)
for k in range(2):len=0.2for i in range(60):if i < 30:len +=0.01if i >30:len -=0.01t.fd(len)t.left(3)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(138.5,165)
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.right(90)
for i in range(2):t.fd(8)t.right(90)t.fd(10)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()##on door4##
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(85,150)
t.pendown()
t.left(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(15)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(93.5,180)
t.pendown()
t.left(180)
for i in range(2):t.fd(9)t.right(90)t.fd(2)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()
###lantern##
t.penup()
t.goto(105,172)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor(0.8705,0.0784,0.0784)
t.begin_fill()
t.setheading(90)
for k in range(2):len=0.2for i in range(60):if i < 30:len +=0.01if i >30:len -=0.01t.fd(len)t.left(3)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(93.5,165)
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.right(90)
for i in range(2):t.fd(8)t.right(90)t.fd(10)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()
##on door6##
t.penup()
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.goto(40,150)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.left(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(15)
t.right(90)
t.circle(5,90)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.right(90)
t.fd(25)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(48.5,180)
t.pendown()
t.left(180)
for i in range(2):t.fd(9)t.right(90)t.fd(2)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()
###lantern##
t.penup()
t.goto(60,172)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor(0.8705,0.0784,0.0784)
t.begin_fill()
t.setheading(90)
for k in range(2):len=0.2for i in range(60):if i < 30:len +=0.01if i >30:len -=0.01t.fd(len)t.left(3)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(48.5,165)
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.right(90)
for i in range(2):t.fd(8)t.right(90)t.fd(10)t.right(90)
t.end_fill()###floor up##
t.penup()
t.goto(0,185)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(180,185)
t.goto(190,195)
t.goto(-190,195)
t.goto(-180,185)
t.goto(0,185)
t.end_fill()##floor upup##
t.penup()
t.goto(0,195)
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor(0.9568,0.53333,0.2470)
t.pendown()
t.goto(190,195)
t.goto(190,195+14.7)
t.goto(187.73,195+11.94)
t.goto(147.88,195+15.42)
t.goto(-147.88,195+15.42)
t.goto(-187.73,195+11.94)
t.goto(-190,195+14.7)
t.goto(-190,195)
t.goto(0,195)
t.end_fill()##floor2 under###
t.penup()
t.goto(0,211)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor(0.4705,0.8431,0.4117)
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(130,211)
t.goto(130,220)
t.goto(-130,220)
t.goto(-130,211)
t.goto(0,211)
t.end_fill()
##floor2##
t.penup()
t.goto(0,221)
t.pendown()
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(140,221)
t.goto(150,230)
t.goto(-150,230)
t.goto(-140,221)
t.goto(0,221)
t.end_fill()##country##
t.penup()
t.goto(0,206.5)
t.fillcolor(0.9803,0.9490,0.03137)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.circle(8,360)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(0,208)
t.fillcolor(0.6705,0.0588,0.0588)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.circle(6,360)
t.end_fill()
##floor2 up##
t.penup()
t.goto(0,230)
t.begin_fill()
t.fillcolor(0.9568,0.53333,0.2470)
t.pendown()
t.goto(150,230)
t.goto(150,240)
t.goto(130.08,242.37)
t.goto(130.08,277.37)
t.goto(127.28,273.77)
t.goto(124.23,150+125.51)
t.goto(121.5,265.23)
t.goto(-121.5,265.23)
t.goto(-124.23,150+125.51)
t.goto(-127.28,273.77)
t.goto(-130.08,277.37)
t.goto(-130.08,242.37)
t.goto(-150,240)
t.goto(-150,230)
t.goto(0,230)
t.end_fill()t.exitonclick()