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基于jsonpath的JSON数据查找

news 2025/2/21 3:16:31

jsonpath是类似xpath的路径查找工具，可以方便地从JSON数据里查找到数据。

安装

pip install jsonpath

使用

测试数据

import jsonpath
import jsonjson_data = '''
{ "store": {"book": [ { "category": "reference","author": "Nigel Rees","title": "Sayings of the Century","price": 8.95},{ "category": "fiction","author": "Evelyn Waugh","title": "Sword of Honour","price": 12.99},{ "category": "fiction","author": "Herman Melville","title": "Moby Dick","isbn": "0-553-21311-3","price": 8.99},{ "category": "fiction","author": "J. R. R. Tolkien","title": "The Lord of the Rings","isbn": "0-395-19395-8","price": 22.99}],"bicycle": {"color": "red","price": 19.95}}
}
'''data = json.loads(json_data)

从根目录递归

# 从根目录递归匹配键bicycle
bicycle = jsonpath.jsonpath(data, '$..bicycle')
print(bicycle)
# [{'color': 'red', 'price': 19.95}]

$表示根目录，..表示遍历。

键过滤

# 从根目录递归匹配book，并且当前子键是isbn
isbn = jsonpath.jsonpath(data, '$..book[?(@.isbn)]')
print(isbn)
# [{'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'title': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'isbn': '0-395-19395-8', 'price': 22.99}]

?()用来过滤。

取值

author = jsonpath.jsonpath(data, '$..author')
print(author)
# ['Nigel Rees', 'Evelyn Waugh', 'Herman Melville', 'J. R. R. Tolkien']

author下面是键值对的值。

多选

#提取bicycle中color,price
color = jsonpath.jsonpath(data, '$..bicycle[color,price]]')
print(color)
# ['red', 19.95]

[,]可以填写多个键，用来多选。

[]和.写法

# 跟$..bicycle.price一样
price = jsonpath.jsonpath(data, '$..bicycle[price]')
print(price)
#[19.95]

.不能多选。

值过滤

# 取价格小于15的book
price = jsonpath.jsonpath(data, '$..book[?(@.price<15)]')
print(price)
# [{'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Evelyn Waugh', 'title': 'Sword of Honour', 'price': 12.99}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}]

第几个

# 取第二个
book1 = jsonpath.jsonpath(data, '$..book[1]')
print(book1)
# [{'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Evelyn Waugh', 'title': 'Sword of Honour', 'price': 12.99}]# 取前两个
book2 = jsonpath.jsonpath(data, '$..book[:2]')
print(book2)
# [{'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Evelyn Waugh', 'title': 'Sword of Honour', 'price': 12.99}]