[Unity Demo]从零开始制作空洞骑士Hollow Knight第五集:再制作更多的敌人

1.公式化导入制作另个爬虫Crawler素材

首先我们先完成Crawler的完整行为，第一步导入素材，分别为它制作tk2dspritecollection和tk2dspriteanimation， 

  然后就到了公式化设置一个敌人的时候了Rb2d , audiosource, boxcollider2d：

可以看到它不需要其它的子物体，因为只需要执行行走，死亡，转向的状态。 

2.制作另一个爬虫Crawler的Crawler.cs状态机

创建同名函数给该游戏对象

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class Crawler : MonoBehaviour
{public float speed;[Space]private Transform wallCheck; //墙面检测的位置private Transform groundCheck; //地面检测的位置private Vector2 velocity; //记录速度private CrawlerType type;private Rigidbody2D body;private tk2dSpriteAnimator anim;private void Awake(){body = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();anim = GetComponent<tk2dSpriteAnimator>();}private void Start(){float z = transform.eulerAngles.z;//通过transform.eulerAngles.z来判断哪种类型的Crawlerif (z >= 45f && z <= 135f){type = CrawlerType.Wall;velocity = new Vector2(0f, Mathf.Sign(-transform.localScale.x) * speed);}else if (z >= 135f && z <= 225f){type = ((transform.localScale.y > 0f) ? CrawlerType.Roof : CrawlerType.Floor);velocity = new Vector2(Mathf.Sign(transform.localScale.x) * speed, 0f);}else if (z >= 225f && z <= 315f){type = CrawlerType.Wall;velocity = new Vector2(0f, Mathf.Sign(transform.localScale.x) * speed);}else{type = ((transform.localScale.y > 0f) ? CrawlerType.Floor : CrawlerType.Roof);velocity = new Vector2(Mathf.Sign(-transform.localScale.x) * speed, 0f);}//TODO:CrawlerType crawlerType = type;if(crawlerType != CrawlerType.Floor){if(crawlerType - CrawlerType.Roof <= 1){body.gravityScale = 0;//如果在墙面面上rb2d的重力就设置为1}}else{body.gravityScale = 1; //如果在地面上rb2d的重力就设置为1//TODO:}StartCoroutine(Walk());}/// <summary>/// 使用协程实现Walk函数，循环直至hit=true后挂起然后启用协程Turn()/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private IEnumerator Walk(){for(; ; ){anim.Play("Walk");body.velocity = velocity;bool hit = false;while (!hit){if(CheckRayLocal(wallCheck.localPosition,transform.localScale.x > 0f ? Vector2.left : Vector2.right, 1f)){hit = true;break;}if (!CheckRayLocal(groundCheck.localPosition, transform.localScale.y > 0f ? Vector2.down : Vector2.up, 1f)){hit = true;break;}yield return null;}yield return StartCoroutine(Turn());yield return null;}}/// <summary>/// 使用协程实现转向函数/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private IEnumerator Turn(){body.velocity = Vector2.zero;yield return StartCoroutine(anim.PlayAnimWait("Turn"));transform.SetScaleX(transform.localScale.x * -1f);velocity.x = velocity.x * -1f;velocity.y = velocity.y * -1f;}/// <summary>/// 发射射线，检测是否有LayerMask.GetMask("Terrain").collider/// </summary>/// <param name="originLocal"></param>/// <param name="directionLocal"></param>/// <param name="length"></param>/// <returns></returns>public bool CheckRayLocal(Vector3 originLocal, Vector2 directionLocal, float length){Vector2 vector = transform.TransformPoint(originLocal);Vector2 vector2 = transform.TransformDirection(directionLocal);RaycastHit2D raycastHit2D = Physics2D.Raycast(vector, vector2, length, LayerMask.GetMask("Terrain"));Debug.DrawLine(vector, vector + vector2 * length);return raycastHit2D.collider != null;}private enum CrawlerType{Floor,Roof,Wall}
}

回到Unity编辑器中，如果你的是开始往左走的话，记得设置speed为负数

只需要这个就行了。我们不需要挂载Lineofsightdetector.cs，这个就是敌人发现敌人到自己攻击范围的脚本

3.制作敌人另个爬虫Crawler的playmaker状态机

创建一个名字叫Crawler的playmaker状态机：

变量和事件如下所示：

同样我们还需要自定义脚本：

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;namespace HutongGames.PlayMaker.Actions
{[ActionCategory("Enemy AI")]public class WalkLeftRight : FsmStateAction{private Rigidbody2D body;private tk2dSpriteAnimator spriteAnimator;private Collider2D collider;public FsmOwnerDefault gameObject;public float walkSpeed; //移动速度public bool spriteFacesLeft; //sprite开始时是向左的吗public string groundLayer; //也就是Terrainpublic float turnDelay; //转向延时private float nextTurnTime; //下一次转身的时间[Header("Animation")]public FsmString walkAnimName; //walk的动画名字public FsmString turnAnimName; //turn的动画名字public FsmBool startLeft;public FsmBool startRight;public FsmBool keepDirection;private float scaleX_pos;private float scaleX_neg;private const float wallRayHeight = 0.5f; //检测墙壁的射线高度private const float wallRayLength = 0.1f; //检测墙壁的射线长度private const float groundRayLength = 1f; //检测地面的射线高度private GameObject target; //目标private Coroutine walkRoutine; //walk的协程private Coroutine turnRoutine; //turn的协程private bool shouldTurn; //应该转身了吗private float Direction{get{if (target){return Mathf.Sign(target.transform.localScale.x) * (spriteFacesLeft ? -1 : 1); //记录方向属性}return 0f;}}public override void OnEnter(){UpdateIfTargetChanged();SetupStartingDirection();walkRoutine = StartCoroutine(Walk());}/// <summary>/// 退出时停掉所有正在执行的协程/// </summary>public override void OnExit(){if(walkRoutine != null){StopCoroutine(walkRoutine);walkRoutine = null;}if (turnRoutine != null){StopCoroutine(turnRoutine);turnRoutine = null;}}/// <summary>/// 如果目标target发生变化后重新初始化/// </summary>private void UpdateIfTargetChanged(){GameObject ownerDefaultTarget = Fsm.GetOwnerDefaultTarget(gameObject);if(ownerDefaultTarget != target){target = ownerDefaultTarget;body = target.GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();collider = target.GetComponent<Collider2D>();spriteAnimator = target.GetComponent<tk2dSpriteAnimator>();}}private IEnumerator Walk(){if (spriteAnimator){spriteAnimator.Play(walkAnimName.Value);}for(; ; ){if (body){Vector2 velocity = body.velocity;velocity.x = walkSpeed * Direction;body.velocity = velocity;if(shouldTurn || (CheckIsGrounded() && (CheckWall() || CheckFloor()) && Time.time >= nextTurnTime)){shouldTurn = false;nextTurnTime = Time.time + turnDelay;turnRoutine = StartCoroutine(Turn());yield return turnRoutine;}}yield return new WaitForFixedUpdate();}}private IEnumerator Turn(){Vector2 velocity = body.velocity;velocity.x = 0f;body.velocity = velocity;tk2dSpriteAnimationClip clipByName = spriteAnimator.GetClipByName(turnAnimName.Name);if(clipByName != null){float seconds = clipByName.frames.Length / clipByName.fps;//计算出动画播放的时间spriteAnimator.Play(clipByName);yield return new WaitForSeconds(seconds);}Vector3 localScale = target.transform.localScale;localScale.x *= -1f;target.transform.localScale = localScale;if (spriteAnimator){spriteAnimator.Play(walkAnimName.Value);}turnRoutine = null;}/// <summary>/// 检测是否接触到墙面/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private bool CheckWall(){Vector2 vector = collider.bounds.center + new Vector3(0f, -(collider.bounds.size.y / 2f) + wallRayHeight);Vector2 vector2 = Vector2.right * Direction;float num = collider.bounds.center.x / 2f + wallRayLength;Debug.DrawLine(vector, vector + vector2 * num);return Physics2D.Raycast(vector, vector2, num, LayerMask.GetMask(groundLayer)).collider != null;}/// <summary>/// 检测是否接触到地板/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private bool CheckFloor(){Vector2 vector = collider.bounds.center + new Vector3((collider.bounds.size.x / 2f + wallRayLength) * Direction, -(collider.bounds.size.y / 2f) + wallRayHeight);Debug.DrawLine(vector, vector + Vector2.down * groundRayLength);return !(Physics2D.Raycast(vector, Vector2.down, groundRayLength, LayerMask.GetMask(groundLayer)).collider != null);}/// <summary>/// 检测是否已经接触到地面/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private bool CheckIsGrounded(){Vector2 vector = collider.bounds.center + new Vector3(0f,-(collider.bounds.center.y / 2f) + wallRayHeight);Debug.DrawLine(vector, vector + Vector2.down * groundRayLength);return Physics2D.Raycast(vector, Vector2.down, groundRayLength, LayerMask.GetMask(groundLayer)).collider != null;}/// <summary>/// 设置开始时GameObject的方向/// </summary>private void SetupStartingDirection(){if (target.transform.localScale.x < 0f){if (!spriteFacesLeft && startRight.Value){shouldTurn = true;}if (spriteFacesLeft && startLeft.Value){shouldTurn = true;}}else{if (spriteFacesLeft && startRight.Value){shouldTurn = true;}if (!spriteFacesLeft && startLeft.Value){shouldTurn = true;}}if (!startLeft.Value && !startRight.Value && !keepDirection.Value && UnityEngine.Random.Range(0f, 100f) <= 50f)//随机选择一边{shouldTurn = true;}startLeft.Value = false;startRight.Value = false;}public WalkLeftRight(){walkSpeed = 4f;groundLayer = "Terrain";turnDelay = 1f;}}}

整个PLAYmaker状态机如下所示：

这里就不过多赘述了，直接上图

这里需要注意到Fly有两个子游戏对象，用于检测是否碰到其它敌人需要转向，只不过这些都是后面设计要用的，所以先不管：

 还有就是我们要开始导入PlayMaker Unity 2D用于检测场景中涉及到playmaker 2d的物理碰撞：

这里是我已经导入了所以是灰色的，你导入后会发现多生成了一个预制体：

 再给我们fly添加一个脚本叫PlayMakerUnity2DProxy.cs:

完成上述过程中就到了创建playmaker状态机环节，在这里我只用一个playmaker状态机完成Fly完整的循环：

变量和事件如下所示：

此时还需要继续自定义脚本，这就要用到上面提到的 playmaker 2d的物理碰撞了：

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;namespace HutongGames.PlayMaker.Actions
{[ActionCategory(ActionCategory.Physics)][Tooltip("Detect additional collisions between the Owner of this FSM and other object with additional raycasting.")]public class CheckCollisionSideEnter : FsmStateAction{[UIHint(UIHint.Variable)]public FsmBool topHit;[UIHint(UIHint.Variable)]public FsmBool rightHit;[UIHint(UIHint.Variable)]public FsmBool bottomHit;[UIHint(UIHint.Variable)]public FsmBool leftHit;public FsmEvent topHitEvent;public FsmEvent rightHitEvent;public FsmEvent bottomHitEvent;public FsmEvent leftHitEvent;public bool otherLayer;public int otherLayerNumber;public FsmBool ignoreTriggers;private PlayMakerUnity2DProxy _proxy;private Collider2D col2d;private const float RAYCAST_LENGTH = 0.08f;private List<Vector2> topRays;private List<Vector2> rightRays;private List<Vector2> bottomRays;private List<Vector2> leftRays;public override void Reset(){}public override void OnEnter(){col2d = Fsm.GameObject.GetComponent<Collider2D>();_proxy = Owner.GetComponent<PlayMakerUnity2DProxy>();if(_proxy == null){_proxy = Owner.AddComponent<PlayMakerUnity2DProxy>();}_proxy.AddOnCollisionEnter2dDelegate(new PlayMakerUnity2DProxy.OnCollisionEnter2dDelegate(DoCollisionEnter2D));}public override void OnUpdate(){    		}public override void OnExit(){_proxy.RemoveOnCollisionEnter2dDelegate(new PlayMakerUnity2DProxy.OnCollisionEnter2dDelegate(DoCollisionEnter2D));}public new void DoCollisionEnter2D(Collision2D collision){if (!otherLayer){if(LayerMask.LayerToName(collision.gameObject.layer) == "Terrain"){CheckTouching(LayerMask.NameToLayer("Terrain"));return;}}else{CheckTouching(otherLayerNumber);}}private void CheckTouching(LayerMask layer){topRays = new List<Vector2>();topRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.min.x, col2d.bounds.max.y));topRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.center.x, col2d.bounds.max.y));topRays.Add(col2d.bounds.max);rightRays = new List<Vector2>();rightRays.Add(col2d.bounds.max);rightRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.max.x, col2d.bounds.center.y));rightRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.max.x, col2d.bounds.min.y));bottomRays = new List<Vector2>();bottomRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.min.x, col2d.bounds.min.y));bottomRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.center.x, col2d.bounds.min.y));bottomRays.Add(col2d.bounds.min);leftRays = new List<Vector2>();leftRays.Add(col2d.bounds.min);leftRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.min.x, col2d.bounds.center.y));leftRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.min.x, col2d.bounds.max.y));topHit.Value = false;rightHit.Value = false;bottomHit.Value = false;leftHit.Value = false;foreach (Vector2 v in topRays){RaycastHit2D raycastHit2D = Physics2D.Raycast(v, Vector2.up, RAYCAST_LENGTH, 1 << layer);if(raycastHit2D.collider != null && (!ignoreTriggers.Value || !raycastHit2D.collider.isTrigger)){topHit.Value = true;Fsm.Event(topHitEvent);break;}}foreach (Vector2 v2 in rightRays){RaycastHit2D raycastHit2D2 = Physics2D.Raycast(v2, Vector2.right, RAYCAST_LENGTH, 1 << layer);if (raycastHit2D2.collider != null && (!ignoreTriggers.Value || !raycastHit2D2.collider.isTrigger)){rightHit.Value = true;Fsm.Event(rightHitEvent);break;}}foreach (Vector2 v3 in bottomRays){RaycastHit2D raycastHit2D3 = Physics2D.Raycast(v3, Vector2.down, RAYCAST_LENGTH, 1 << layer);if(raycastHit2D3.collider != null && (!ignoreTriggers.Value || !raycastHit2D3.collider.isTrigger)){bottomHit.Value = true;Fsm.Event(bottomHitEvent);break;}}foreach (Vector2 v4 in leftRays){RaycastHit2D raycastHit2D4 = Physics2D.Raycast(v4, Vector2.left, RAYCAST_LENGTH, 1 << layer);if (raycastHit2D4.collider != null && (!ignoreTriggers.Value || !raycastHit2D4.collider.isTrigger)){leftHit.Value = true;Fsm.Event(leftHitEvent);break;}}}}}

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;namespace HutongGames.PlayMaker.Actions
{[ActionCategory(ActionCategory.Physics)][Tooltip("Detect additional collisions between the Owner of this FSM and other object with additional raycasting.")]public class CheckCollisionSide : FsmStateAction{[UIHint(UIHint.Variable)]public FsmBool topHit;[UIHint(UIHint.Variable)]public FsmBool rightHit;[UIHint(UIHint.Variable)]public FsmBool bottomHit;[UIHint(UIHint.Variable)]public FsmBool leftHit;public FsmEvent topHitEvent;public FsmEvent rightHitEvent;public FsmEvent bottomHitEvent;public FsmEvent leftHitEvent;public bool otherLayer;public int otherLayerNumber;public FsmBool ignoreTriggers;private PlayMakerUnity2DProxy _proxy;private Collider2D col2d;private const float RAYCAST_LENGTH = 0.08f;private List<Vector2> topRays;private List<Vector2> rightRays;private List<Vector2> bottomRays;private List<Vector2> leftRays;private bool checkUp;private bool checkRight;private bool checkBottom;private bool checkLeft;public override void Reset(){checkUp = false;checkRight = false;checkBottom = false;checkLeft = false;}public override void OnEnter(){col2d = Fsm.GameObject.GetComponent<Collider2D>();topRays = new List<Vector2>(3);rightRays = new List<Vector2>(3);bottomRays = new List<Vector2>(3);leftRays = new List<Vector2>(3);_proxy = Owner.GetComponent<PlayMakerUnity2DProxy>();if (_proxy == null){_proxy = Owner.AddComponent<PlayMakerUnity2DProxy>();}_proxy.AddOnCollisionStay2dDelegate(new PlayMakerUnity2DProxy.OnCollisionStay2dDelegate(DoCollisionStay2D));if(!topHit.IsNone || topHitEvent != null){checkUp = true;}else{checkUp = false;}if (!rightHit.IsNone || rightHitEvent != null){checkRight = true;}else{checkRight = false;}if (!bottomHit.IsNone || bottomHitEvent != null){checkBottom = true;}else{checkBottom = false;}if (!leftHit.IsNone || leftHitEvent != null){checkLeft = true;}else{checkLeft = false;}}public override void OnUpdate(){if(topHit.Value || rightHit.Value || bottomHit.Value || leftHit.Value){if (!otherLayer){CheckTouching(LayerMask.NameToLayer("Terrain"));return;}CheckTouching(otherLayerNumber);}	}public override void OnExit(){_proxy.RemoveOnCollisionStay2dDelegate(new PlayMakerUnity2DProxy.OnCollisionStay2dDelegate(DoCollisionStay2D));}public new void DoCollisionStay2D(Collision2D collision){if (!otherLayer){if(collision.gameObject.layer == LayerMask.NameToLayer("Terrain")){CheckTouching(LayerMask.NameToLayer("Terrain"));return;}}else{CheckTouching(otherLayerNumber);}}public new void DoCollisionExit2D(Collision2D collision){topHit.Value = false;rightHit.Value = false;bottomHit.Value = false;leftHit.Value = false;}private void CheckTouching(LayerMask layer){if (checkUp){topRays.Clear();topRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.min.x, col2d.bounds.max.y));topRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.center.x, col2d.bounds.max.y));topRays.Add(col2d.bounds.max);topHit.Value = false;for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){RaycastHit2D raycastHit2D = Physics2D.Raycast(topRays[i], Vector2.up, RAYCAST_LENGTH, 1 << layer);if(raycastHit2D.collider != null && (!ignoreTriggers.Value || !raycastHit2D.collider.isTrigger)){topHit.Value = true;Fsm.Event(topHitEvent);break;}}}if (checkRight){rightRays.Clear();rightRays.Add(col2d.bounds.max);rightRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.max.x, col2d.bounds.center.y));rightRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.max.x, col2d.bounds.min.y));rightHit.Value = false;for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){RaycastHit2D raycastHit2D2 = Physics2D.Raycast(rightRays[i], Vector2.right, RAYCAST_LENGTH, 1 << layer);if (raycastHit2D2.collider != null && (!ignoreTriggers.Value || !raycastHit2D2.collider.isTrigger)){rightHit.Value = true;Fsm.Event(rightHitEvent);break;}}}if (checkBottom){bottomRays.Clear();bottomRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.min.x, col2d.bounds.min.y));bottomRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.center.x, col2d.bounds.min.y));bottomRays.Add(col2d.bounds.min);for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){RaycastHit2D raycastHit2D3 = Physics2D.Raycast(bottomRays[i], Vector2.down, RAYCAST_LENGTH, 1 << layer);if (raycastHit2D3.collider != null && (!ignoreTriggers.Value || !raycastHit2D3.collider.isTrigger)){bottomHit.Value = true;Fsm.Event(bottomHitEvent);break;}}}if (checkLeft){leftRays.Clear();leftRays.Add(col2d.bounds.min);leftRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.min.x, col2d.bounds.center.y));leftRays.Add(new Vector2(col2d.bounds.min.x, col2d.bounds.max.y));for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){RaycastHit2D raycastHit2D4 = Physics2D.Raycast(leftRays[i], Vector2.left, RAYCAST_LENGTH, 1 << layer);if (raycastHit2D4.collider != null && (!ignoreTriggers.Value || !raycastHit2D4.collider.isTrigger)){leftHit.Value = true;Fsm.Event(leftHitEvent);return;}}}}public enum CollisionSide { top,left,right,bottom,other}}}

using System;
using UnityEngine;namespace HutongGames.PlayMaker.Actions
{[ActionCategory(ActionCategory.Physics2D)][Tooltip("Sets the 2d Velocity of a Game Object, using an angle and a speed value. For the angle, 0 is to the right and the degrees increase clockwise.")]public class SetVelocityAsAngle : RigidBody2dActionBase{[RequiredField][CheckForComponent(typeof(Rigidbody2D))]public FsmOwnerDefault gameObject;[RequiredField]public FsmFloat angle;[RequiredField]public FsmFloat speed;private FsmFloat x;private FsmFloat y;public bool everyFrame;public override void Reset(){gameObject = null;angle = new FsmFloat{UseVariable = true};speed = new FsmFloat{UseVariable = true};everyFrame = false;}public override void Awake(){Fsm.HandleFixedUpdate = true;}public override void OnPreprocess(){Fsm.HandleFixedUpdate = true;}public override void OnEnter(){CacheRigidBody2d(Fsm.GetOwnerDefaultTarget(gameObject));DoSetVelocity();if (!everyFrame){Finish();}}public override void OnFixedUpdate(){DoSetVelocity();if (!everyFrame){Finish();}}private void DoSetVelocity(){if (rb2d == null)return;x = speed.Value * Mathf.Cos(angle.Value * 0.017453292f); //将角度转化为速度y = speed.Value * Mathf.Sin(angle.Value * 0.017453292f);Vector2 velocity;velocity.x = x.Value;velocity.y = y.Value;rb2d.velocity = velocity;}}}

 整个Playmaker状态机如下所示：

完整图如下所示：